More than one million barriers fragment Europe’s rivers

Rivers support some of Earth’s richest biodiversity 1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society 2 , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow 3 . In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show...

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Published in:	Nature (London) Vol. 588; no. 7838; pp. 436 - 441
Main Authors:	Belletti, Barbara, Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos, Jones, Joshua, Bizzi, Simone, Börger, Luca, Segura, Gilles, Castelletti, Andrea, van de Bund, Wouter, Aarestrup, Kim, Barry, James, Belka, Kamila, Berkhuysen, Arjan, Birnie-Gauvin, Kim, Bussettini, Martina, Carolli, Mauro, Consuegra, Sofia, Dopico, Eduardo, Feierfeil, Tim, Fernández, Sara, Fernandez Garrido, Pao, Garcia-Vazquez, Eva, Garrido, Sara, Giannico, Guillermo, Gough, Peter, Jepsen, Niels, Jones, Peter E., Kemp, Paul, Kerr, Jim, King, James, Łapińska, Małgorzata, Lázaro, Gloria, Lucas, Martyn C., Marcello, Lucio, Martin, Patrick, McGinnity, Phillip, O’Hanley, Jesse, Olivo del Amo, Rosa, Parasiewicz, Piotr, Pusch, Martin, Rincon, Gonzalo, Rodriguez, Cesar, Royte, Joshua, Schneider, Claus Till, Tummers, Jeroen S., Vallesi, Sergio, Vowles, Andrew, Verspoor, Eric, Wanningen, Herman, Wantzen, Karl M., Wildman, Laura, Zalewski, Maciej
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.12.2020 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/158/672 704/242 706/2805 Agriculture - statistics & numerical data Altitude Biodiversity Biological diversity Buildings and facilities Control Dams Datasets as Topic Density Diversion structures (Hydraulic engineering) Ecosystem Ecosystem services Elevation Environment and Society Environmental aspects Environmental restoration Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Environmental Restoration and Remediation - trends Environmental Sciences Estimates Europe Geography Human Activities Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hydroelectric power Hydrology Logistic Models Machine Learning multidisciplinary Polls & surveys Population Density Power Plants - supply & distribution Protection and preservation River networks Rivers Science Science (multidisciplinary) Statistics Surface water Europe Scandinavia
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Rivers support some of Earth’s richest biodiversity 1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society 2 , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow 3 . In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe’s rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Validated barrier inventories and modelling indicate that Europe’s rivers are fragmented by more than one million barriers, such as dams, weirs and fords, causing major impacts on biodiversity.
AbstractList	Rivers support some of Earth’s richest biodiversity 1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society 2 , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow 3 . In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe’s rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Validated barrier inventories and modelling indicate that Europe’s rivers are fragmented by more than one million barriers, such as dams, weirs and fords, causing major impacts on biodiversity. Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity.sup.1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society.sup.2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow.sup.3. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow3. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow3. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers.Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow3. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity.sup.1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society.sup.2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow.sup.3. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers. Validated barrier inventories and modelling indicate that Europe's rivers are fragmented by more than one million barriers, such as dams, weirs and fords, causing major impacts on biodiversity. Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services to society , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow . In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least 1.2 million instream barriers in 36 European countries (with a mean density of 0.74 barriers per kilometre), 68 per cent of which are structures less than two metres in height that are often overlooked. Standardized walkover surveys along 2,715 kilometres of stream length for 147 rivers indicate that existing records underestimate barrier numbers by about 61 per cent. The highest barrier densities occur in the heavily modified rivers of central Europe and the lowest barrier densities occur in the most remote, sparsely populated alpine areas. Across Europe, the main predictors of barrier density are agricultural pressure, density of river-road crossings, extent of surface water and elevation. Relatively unfragmented rivers are still found in the Balkans, the Baltic states and parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe, but these require urgent protection from proposed dam developments. Our findings could inform the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which aims to reconnect 25,000 kilometres of Europe's rivers by 2030, but achieving this will require a paradigm shift in river restoration that recognizes the widespread impacts caused by small barriers.
Audience	Academic
Author	Belka, Kamila Marcello, Lucio Lucas, Martyn C. Martin, Patrick Aarestrup, Kim Barry, James Parasiewicz, Piotr King, James Lázaro, Gloria Feierfeil, Tim Pusch, Martin Tummers, Jeroen S. Fernandez Garrido, Pao Kemp, Paul Fernández, Sara Vowles, Andrew McGinnity, Phillip Belletti, Barbara Schneider, Claus Till Vallesi, Sergio Olivo del Amo, Rosa Jepsen, Niels Jones, Peter E. Garcia-Vazquez, Eva Garrido, Sara Wantzen, Karl M. Bussettini, Martina Zalewski, Maciej Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos Castelletti, Andrea Royte, Joshua O’Hanley, Jesse van de Bund, Wouter Jones, Joshua Rodriguez, Cesar Wildman, Laura Łapińska, Małgorzata Segura, Gilles Dopico, Eduardo Gough, Peter Kerr, Jim Bizzi, Simone Giannico, Guillermo Wanningen, Herman Börger, Luca Birnie-Gauvin, Kim Consuegra, Sofia Verspoor, Eric Carolli, Mauro Rincon, Gonzalo Berkhuysen, Arjan
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givenname: James surname: King fullname: King, James organization: Inland Fisheries Ireland – sequence: 30 givenname: Małgorzata surname: Łapińska fullname: Łapińska, Małgorzata organization: European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Łódź – sequence: 31 givenname: Gloria orcidid: 0000-0002-3690-4461 surname: Lázaro fullname: Lázaro, Gloria organization: AEMS-Rios con Vida – sequence: 32 givenname: Martyn C. orcidid: 0000-0002-2009-1785 surname: Lucas fullname: Lucas, Martyn C. organization: Durham University – sequence: 33 givenname: Lucio surname: Marcello fullname: Marcello, Lucio organization: University of Highlands and Islands – sequence: 34 givenname: Patrick surname: Martin fullname: Martin, Patrick organization: Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage – sequence: 35 givenname: Phillip orcidid: 0000-0001-5199-5632 surname: McGinnity fullname: McGinnity, Phillip organization: University College Cork, Marine Institute – sequence: 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sequence: 43 givenname: Claus Till surname: Schneider fullname: Schneider, Claus Till organization: RWE Generation SE – sequence: 44 givenname: Jeroen S. surname: Tummers fullname: Tummers, Jeroen S. organization: Durham University – sequence: 45 givenname: Sergio surname: Vallesi fullname: Vallesi, Sergio organization: Durham University, Hydronexus – sequence: 46 givenname: Andrew orcidid: 0000-0001-8253-5938 surname: Vowles fullname: Vowles, Andrew organization: University of Southampton – sequence: 47 givenname: Eric surname: Verspoor fullname: Verspoor, Eric organization: University of Highlands and Islands – sequence: 48 givenname: Herman surname: Wanningen fullname: Wanningen, Herman organization: World Fish Migration Foundation – sequence: 49 givenname: Karl M. orcidid: 0000-0002-2192-1883 surname: Wantzen fullname: Wantzen, Karl M. organization: University of Tours, CNRS UMR 7362-LIVE, University of Strasbourg – sequence: 50 givenname: Laura surname: Wildman fullname: Wildman, Laura organization: Princeton Hydro – sequence: 51 givenname: Maciej orcidid: 0000-0002-4483-6200 surname: Zalewski fullname: Zalewski, Maciej organization: European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33328667$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-03093107$$DView record in HAL
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020 COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 17, 2020 Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 17, 2020 – notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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Snippet	Rivers support some of Earth’s richest biodiversity 1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society 2 , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free... Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services to society , but they are often fragmented by barriers to free... Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity.sup.1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society.sup.2, but they are often fragmented by barriers... Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity1 and provide essential ecosystem services to society2, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free...
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SubjectTerms	631/158/672 704/242 706/2805 Agriculture - statistics & numerical data Altitude Biodiversity Biological diversity Buildings and facilities Control Dams Datasets as Topic Density Diversion structures (Hydraulic engineering) Ecosystem Ecosystem services Elevation Environment and Society Environmental aspects Environmental restoration Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Environmental Restoration and Remediation - trends Environmental Sciences Estimates Europe Geography Human Activities Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hydroelectric power Hydrology Logistic Models Machine Learning multidisciplinary Polls & surveys Population Density Power Plants - supply & distribution Protection and preservation River networks Rivers Science Science (multidisciplinary) Statistics Surface water
Title	More than one million barriers fragment Europe’s rivers
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