Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals

The current genetic makeup of Latin America has been shaped by a history of extensive admixture between Africans, Europeans and Native Americans, a process taking place within the context of extensive geographic and social stratification. We estimated individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 7...

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Published in:PLoS genetics Vol. 10; no. 9; p. e1004572
Main Authors: Ruiz-Linares, Andrés, Adhikari, Kaustubh, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha, Jaramillo, Claudia, Arias, William, Fuentes, Macarena, Pizarro, María, Everardo, Paola, de Avila, Francisco, Gómez-Valdés, Jorge, León-Mimila, Paola, Hunemeier, Tábita, Ramallo, Virginia, Silva de Cerqueira, Caio C., Burley, Mari-Wyn, Konca, Esra, de Oliveira, Marcelo Zagonel, Veronez, Mauricio Roberto, Rubio-Codina, Marta, Attanasio, Orazio, Gibbon, Sahra, Ray, Nicolas, Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Rosique, Javier, Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia, Salzano, Francisco M., Bortolini, Maria-Cátira, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Rothhammer, Francisco, Bedoya, Gabriel, Balding, David, Gonzalez-José, Rolando
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.09.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Bias
Biological diversity
Biological Evolution
Biology and Life Sciences
Ethnic Groups - genetics
Ethnicity
Female
Genealogy
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population
Genomes
Geography
Humans
Latin America
Male
Multiculturalism & pluralism
Native Americans
Native North Americans
Personal appearance
Phenotype
Population
Quantitative Trait, Heritable
Self Concept
Studies
Latin America
United States
Mexico
United Kingdom
ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The current genetic makeup of Latin America has been shaped by a history of extensive admixture between Africans, Europeans and Native Americans, a process taking place within the context of extensive geographic and social stratification. We estimated individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 7,342 subjects ascertained in five countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México and Perú). These individuals were also characterized for a range of physical appearance traits and for self-perception of ancestry. The geographic distribution of admixture proportions in this sample reveals extensive population structure, illustrating the continuing impact of demographic history on the genetic diversity of Latin America. Significant ancestry effects were detected for most phenotypes studied. However, ancestry generally explains only a modest proportion of total phenotypic variation. Genetically estimated and self-perceived ancestry correlate significantly, but certain physical attributes have a strong impact on self-perception and bias self-perception of ancestry relative to genetically estimated ancestry.
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: ARL RGJ DB GB JR CG GP FR JGV VAA SG. Performed the experiments: CJ WA VAA MQS MF MP PE GP FdA JGV PLM TH VR CCSdC MWB EK. Analyzed the data: ARL KA RGJ MQS MZdO MRV MRC OA NR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CJ WA GB MF MP PE FdA JGV PLM VAA TH VR CCSdC MWB LSF FMS MCB SCQ. Wrote the paper: ARL KA.
ISSN:1553-7404
1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572