Large herbivores may alter vegetation structure of semi-arid savannas through soil nutrient mediation
In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and g...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Oecologia Vol. 165; no. 4; pp. 1095 - 1107 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag
01.04.2011
Springer Springer-Verlag Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0029-8549, 1432-1939, 1432-1939 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation.In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. Keywords Bush encroachment * Tree-grass competition * Nutrient hotspot * Seedling * Predation In savannas, the tree–grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid prédation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation. In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores indirectly affect vegetation structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients, which, in turn, alters the competition between trees and grasses. Nine abandoned livestock holding-pen areas (kraals), enriched by dung and urine, were contrasted with nearby control sites in a semi-arid savanna. About 40 years after abandonment, kraal sites still showed high soil concentrations of inorganic N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg compared to controls. Kraals also had a high plant production potential and offered high quality forage. The intense grazing and high herbivore dung and urine deposition rates in kraals fit the accelerated nutrient cycling model described for fertile systems elsewhere. Data of a concurrent experiment also showed that bush-cleared patches resulted in an increase in impala dung deposition, probably because impala preferred open sites to avoid predation. Kraal sites had very low tree densities compared to control sites, thus the high impala dung deposition rates here may be in part driven by the open structure of kraal sites, which may explain the persistence of nutrients in kraals. Experiments indicated that tree seedlings were increasingly constrained when competing with grasses under fertile conditions, which might explain the low tree recruitment observed in kraals. In conclusion, large herbivores may indirectly keep existing nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals structurally open by maintaining a high local soil fertility, which, in turn, constrains woody recruitment in a negative feedback loop. The maintenance of nutrient hotspots such as abandoned kraals by herbivores contributes to the structural heterogeneity of nutrient-poor savanna vegetation.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kool, Ada Meijer, Seline S. de Knegt, Henrik J. de Boer, Willem F. Prins, Herbert H. T. de Kroon, Hans van Langevelde, Frank van der Waal, Cornelis Peel, Mike J. S. Grant, Rina C. Heitkönig, Ignas M. A. Kohi, Edward Slotow, Rob |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: van der Waal, Cornelis – sequence: 2 fullname: Kool, Ada – sequence: 3 fullname: Meijer, Seline S – sequence: 4 fullname: Kohi, Edward – sequence: 5 fullname: Heitkönig, Ignas M. A – sequence: 6 fullname: de Boer, Willem F – sequence: 7 fullname: van Langevelde, Frank – sequence: 8 fullname: Grant, Rina C – sequence: 9 fullname: Peel, Mike J. S – sequence: 10 fullname: Slotow, Rob – sequence: 11 fullname: de Knegt, Henrik J – sequence: 12 fullname: Prins, Herbert H. T – sequence: 13 fullname: de Kroon, Hans |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24029892$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225433$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFk91r1TAYxotM3If-AV6oRRHxojOfbeOFMIYfg4Hg3HXISd_2ZPQkW9Keuf_et3abniEbhaZNfs-T5M2T3WzLBw9Z9pySfUpI9SERIgQrCCUFrZUq-KNshwrOCqq42sp2CGGqqKVQ29luSmeEUEGlfJJtM8qYFJzvZHBsYgf5EuLCrUOElK_MVW76AWK-hg4GM7jg8zTE0Q5jhDy0eYKVK0x0TZ7M2nhvUj4sYxi7ZZ6C63M_DtGBH_IVNO6P_mn2uDV9gmfX7V52-uXzz8NvxfH3r0eHB8eFrUoyFLWqSlkqW5O6blpuYCHwiwGBSpGyXVALjYAWGqsaRVpW2rasWyMZ0IUtBfC97OPse2k68M7jS3sTrUs6GKd7t4gmXunLMWrfT835uEhakFIQiuJPsxg7ceUWdxBNr8-jW02iyWBzxLul7sJacyIrQjgavLs2iOFihDTolUsW-t54CGPSijAuy5LSB8m6JHUlpHzYs5YVU6SqSiRf3yHPwhg9lhuhUkmBhgi9maHO9KCdbwPuxE6W-oBLKcqK82nS_f9Q-DR48hYz2Drs3xC83xAgM8CvoTNjSvro5Mcm-_LfMt_W9yaTCLy9Bkyypm-j8dMB3nICU10rhlw1czaGlCK02ro5rrha12tK9HRL9HxLNJn-8ZboaQZ6R3ljfp-GzZqELAYr_i3vfaIXs-gsDSHeziKoUKrGyOxlr-bx1gRtuojbPD1hmEVCFR4-V_w3g202_Q |
| CODEN | OECOBX |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2024_108983 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_020_04821_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_95739_4 crossref_primary_10_2989_10220119_2017_1367328 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11258_019_00977_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2021_777146 crossref_primary_10_1186_s42408_023_00215_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_1982 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10531_022_02520_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_10002 crossref_primary_10_3389_feart_2017_00032 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_97850_y crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2745_13623 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_3666 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_still_2025_106520 crossref_primary_10_1093_forestry_cpab009 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_017_3807_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10336_020_01804_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecocom_2016_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13570_020_00171_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_59974_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10265_019_01105_x crossref_primary_10_2989_10220119_2016_1218368 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_019_00770_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2023_105080 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_916610 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10021_022_00748_7 crossref_primary_10_1111_nph_17574 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2018_02_004 crossref_primary_10_4102_koedoe_v67i1_1835 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00334_018_0685_8 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0273917 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0202814 crossref_primary_10_2989_10220119_2020_1726464 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2011_10_016 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_4289 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2021_682289 crossref_primary_10_1111_mam_12031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ppees_2011_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvs_12551 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00374_019_01358_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2018_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_016_3627_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00267_011_9779_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_gfs_12262 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08554 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_1640 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rama_2015_01_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2435_12213 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42729_023_01380_7 crossref_primary_10_1890_ES13_00239_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40974_016_0038_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2022_107873 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_4332 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10531_017_1308_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chnaes_2020_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1002_rse2_285 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11284_017_1522_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ppees_2013_10_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2745_12874 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11104_021_04960_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rama_2022_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0039105 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_1642 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0266467413000564 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_018_0456_9 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0248795 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2021_105376 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41893_020_0490_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12516 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_016_0344_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12279 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12145 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_011_2123_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10021_015_9857_x crossref_primary_10_1890_11_1123_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asr_2022_07_069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_baae_2022_06_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2019_02_007 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsufs_2021_638806 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2745_13518 crossref_primary_10_2989_10220119_2014_951394 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0092619 crossref_primary_10_5194_bg_16_3929_2019 crossref_primary_10_2989_10220119_2022_2148740 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2017_03_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_1440_1703_12067 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00267_017_0942_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2021_104532 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_revpalbo_2022_104700 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_42249_z crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0071736 crossref_primary_10_3390_su14010519 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_15023 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12898_017_0148_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_09596836251366202 |
| Cites_doi | 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0916:IOCMOH]2.0.CO;2 10.2980/1195-6860(2008)15[129:ROWSET]2.0.CO;2 10.2307/2845378 10.2307/2261500 10.1890/07-1250.1 10.1093/oso/9780195120837.001.0001 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01795.x 10.1890/02-0274 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00360.x 10.1016/j.agee.2007.02.012 10.1038/nature04070 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00195.x 10.1016/j.ppees.2007.03.001 10.1080/00103628309367359 10.2307/2265615 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00768.x 10.2307/2426030 10.1086/587527 10.1007/s10021-005-0020-y 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00778.x 10.1890/02-5283 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.004 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01192.x 10.1126/science.278.5344.1798 10.2989/10220110609485891 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000019023.29636.92 10.1890/08-0606.1 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2242:GOANCW]2.0.CO;2 10.2307/2265518 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x 10.2307/2269349 10.1017/S026646740800549X 10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9 10.2307/2402405 10.2307/3236876 10.3170/2008-8-18435 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01192.x 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01498.x 10.1007/BF00045140 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.517 10.1007/s11258-006-9125-4 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6 10.1017/S0266467407004282 10.1890/03-3060 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00596.x 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00864.x 10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.027 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00217.x 10.1007/s11284-007-0367-y 10.2307/2388490 10.1007/s10021-009-9284-y 10.1890/03-0574 10.1007/s00442-007-0878-9 10.1007/978-94-011-4012-6_9 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01656.x 10.1007/s10021-007-9092-1 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0165:HEOPAN]2.0.CO;2 10.2307/1939319 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 The Author(s) 2011 2015 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2011 Springer Springer-Verlag 2011 Wageningen University & Research |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 – notice: The Author(s) 2011 – notice: 2015 INIST-CNRS – notice: COPYRIGHT 2011 Springer – notice: Springer-Verlag 2011 – notice: Wageningen University & Research |
| DBID | FBQ C6C AAYXX CITATION IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM ISR 3V. 7QG 7QL 7SN 7SS 7T7 7TN 7U9 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 8AO 8FD 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BKSAR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 H95 HCIFZ K9. L.G LK8 M0S M1P M7N M7P P64 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 7S9 L.6 7ST 7U6 5PM QVL |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00442-010-1899-3 |
| DatabaseName | AGRIS Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Oceanic Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Engineering Research Database Proquest Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Biological Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic Environment Abstracts Sustainability Science Abstracts PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) NARCIS:Publications |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Central Essentials SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts Oceanic Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic Environment Abstracts Sustainability Science Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Central Student MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Ecology |
| EISSN | 1432-1939 |
| EndPage | 1107 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_library_wur_nl_wurpubs_406401 PMC3057003 2292317061 A355467333 21225433 24029892 10_1007_s00442_010_1899_3 41499800 US201301953339 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | -DZ -Y2 -~C -~X .86 06C 06D 0R~ 0VY 123 186 199 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29N 29~ 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~F 2~H 30V 36B 3SX 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 53G 5QI 5VS 67N 67Z 6NX 78A 7X7 88E 8AO 8CJ 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAGAY AAHBH AAHKG AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANXM AANZL AAPKM AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAXTN AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBHK ABBXA ABDBE ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABLJU ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABPLI ABPLY ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTAH ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTLG ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ABXSQ ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHIC ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACNCT ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACPRK ACZOJ ADBBV ADHHG ADHIR ADHKG ADIMF ADKNI ADKPE ADRFC ADTPH ADULT ADURQ ADYFF ADYPR ADZKW AEBTG AEEJZ AEFIE AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEUPB AEUYN AEVLU AEXYK AFAZZ AFBBN AFEXP AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFRAH AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGUYK AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHKAY AHMBA AHPBZ AHSBF AHXOZ AHYZX AIAKS AICQM AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ AKMHD ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG AQVQM ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYFIA AZFZN B-. BA0 BBNVY BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BGNMA BHPHI BKSAR BPHCQ BSONS BVXVI CAG CBGCD CCPQU COF CS3 CSCUP D0L D1J DATOO DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 EBD EBLON EBS ECGQY EDH EIOEI EJD EMB EMOBN EN4 EPAXT ESBYG F5P FBQ FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC FYUFA G-Y G-Z GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ7 GQ8 GTFYD GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HMCUK HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HTVGU HVGLF HZ~ I09 IAO IEP IHE IHR IJ- IKXTQ INH INR IPSME ISR ITC ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JAAYA JBMMH JBS JBSCW JCJTX JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLS JLXEF JPM JST JZLTJ KDC KOV KOW KPH L8X LAS LK8 LLZTM M1P M4Y M7P MA- MQGED MVM N2Q N9A NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM P19 P2P PCBAR PF0 PHGZT PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PT4 PT5 Q2X QF4 QM4 QN7 QO4 QOK QOR QOS R4E R89 R9I RHV RIG RNI RNS ROL RPX RRX RSV RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3A S3B SA0 SAP SBL SBY SCLPG SDH SDM SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW SSXJD STPWE SV3 SZN T13 T16 TN5 TSG TSK TSV TUC TWZ U2A U9L UG4 UKHRP UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WH7 WJK WK6 WK8 Y6R YLTOR YV5 Z45 ZCA ZMTXR ZOVNA ZY4 ~EX ABBRH ABFSG ACSTC AEZWR AFDZB AFHIU AGQPQ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR PHGZM -4W -56 -5G -BR -EM 3V. 88A ADINQ C6C DOOOF GQ6 IFM JSODD M0L VXZ Z7U Z7V Z7W Z7Y Z7Z Z83 Z8O Z8P Z8Q Z8S Z8T Z8W AAYXX ABRTQ ADXHL AFFHD AFOHR BANNL CITATION PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7QL 7SN 7SS 7T7 7TN 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO F1W FR3 GNUQQ H94 H95 K9. L.G M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO 7S9 L.6 7ST 7U6 5PM 08R 0R 29 4W 56 5G 95 AAPBV ABPTK ACIPQ ADZLD AESBF AFDAS BBAFP BR C CWIXF DFEDG DWIUU DZ EM EX HZ QVL UNR UNUBA X XHC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c760t-8976569c8088df3aeb40882e0e7906fb1ced4efedc9d90f26cf68fa52e1bc64e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RSV |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 114 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000288397200025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0029-8549 1432-1939 |
| IngestDate | Tue Jan 05 18:05:23 EST 2021 Tue Nov 04 01:57:23 EST 2025 Mon Oct 06 18:23:12 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 14:24:22 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 10:29:10 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 19:44:59 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 13:26:26 EST 2025 Sun Nov 23 08:54:49 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 09:56:27 EST 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:48:25 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:18:27 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:56:03 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:36:36 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:33:57 EST 2025 Thu Jun 19 20:13:00 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 09:44:13 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Tree–grass competition Bush encroachment Seedling Predation Nutrient hotspot Competition Herbivorous Savannah Hot spot Plant juvenile growth stage Shrub encroachment Tree-grass competition Soils Semi arid zone Tree Nutrient Herbaceous plant Vegetation structure |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c760t-8976569c8088df3aeb40882e0e7906fb1ced4efedc9d90f26cf68fa52e1bc64e3 |
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1899-3 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Communicated by Jason Kaye. |
| OpenAccessLink | https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-010-1899-3 |
| PMID | 21225433 |
| PQID | 856954745 |
| PQPubID | 54033 |
| PageCount | 13 |
| ParticipantIDs | wageningen_narcis_oai_library_wur_nl_wurpubs_406401 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3057003 proquest_miscellaneous_902356611 proquest_miscellaneous_860874553 proquest_miscellaneous_857290776 proquest_journals_856954745 gale_infotracmisc_A355467333 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A355467333 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A355467333 pubmed_primary_21225433 pascalfrancis_primary_24029892 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s00442_010_1899_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_010_1899_3 springer_journals_10_1007_s00442_010_1899_3 jstor_primary_41499800 fao_agris_US201301953339 |
| ProviderPackageCode | QVL |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2011-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2011-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2011 text: 2011-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Berlin/Heidelberg |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Berlin/Heidelberg – name: Berlin – name: Germany – name: Heidelberg |
| PublicationTitle | Oecologia |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Oecologia |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Oecologia |
| PublicationYear | 2011 |
| Publisher | Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Springer Springer-Verlag Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag – name: Springer – name: Springer-Verlag – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | RoemWJKleesHBerendseFEffects of nutrient addition and acidification species diversity and seed germinationJ Appl Ecol20023993794810.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00768.x1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpvVSntLo%3D van LangeveldeFvan de VijverCKumarLvan de KoppelJde RidderNvan AndelJSkidmoreAKHearneJWStroosnijderLBondWJPrinsHHTRietkerkMEffects of fire and herbivory on the stability of savanna ecosystemsEcology20038433735010.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2 BelskyAJAmundsonRGSixty years of successional history behind a moving sand dune near Olduvai Gorge, TanzaniaBiotropica19861823123510.2307/2388490 SingerFJSchoeneckerKADo ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?For Ecol Manag200318118920410.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6 ValeixMLoveridgeAJChamaille-JammesSDavidsonZMurindagomoFFritzFMacdonaldDWBehavioral adjustments of African herbivores to predation risk by lions: spatiotemporal variations influence habitat useEcology20099023301929490910.1890/08-0606.11:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3hsl2isw%3D%3D CoetseeCFebruaryECBondWJNitrogen availability is not affected by frequent fire in a South African savannaJ Trop Ecol20082464765410.1017/S026646740800549X YdenbergRCPrinsHHTSpring grazing and the manipulation of food quality by barnacle geeseJ Appl Ecol19811844345310.2307/2402405 EckhardtHvan WilgenBWBiggsHCTrends in woody vegetation cover in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1940 and 1998Afr J Ecol20003810811510.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00217.x HoldoRMHoltRDCoughenourMBRitchieMEPlant productivity and soil nitrogen as a function of grazing, migration and fire in an African savannaJ Ecol20079511512810.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01192.x McNaughtonSJBanyikwaFFMcNaughtonMMPromotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazersScience199727817981800938818210.1126/science.278.5344.17981:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnvFClsbw%3D BardgettRDWardleDAHerbivore-mediated linkages between aboveground and belowground communitiesEcology2003842258226810.1890/02-0274 CohnEJvan AukenOWBushJKCompetitive interactions between Cynodon dactylon and Acacia smallii seedlings at different nutrient levelsAm Midl Nat198912126527210.2307/2426030 MacGregorMDO’ConnorTGPatch dieback of Colophospermum mopane in a dysfunctional semi-arid African savannaAustral Ecol20022738539510.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01192.x HananNPSeaWBDangelmayrGGovenderNDo fires in savannas consume woody biomass? A comment on approaches to modeling savanna dynamicsAm Nat20081718518561846213310.1086/587527 AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJFrankDAFeedbacks between soil nutrients and large herbivores in a managed savanna ecosystemEcol Appl2003131325133710.1890/02-5283 SharamGSinclairARETurkingtonREstablishment of broad-leaved thickets in Serengeti, Tanzania: the influence of fire, browsers, grass competition, and elephantsBiotropica20063859960510.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00195.x SankaranMRatnamJHananNWoody cover in African savannas: the role of resources, fire and herbivoryGlob Ecol Biogeogr20081723624510.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00360.x SankaranMHananNPScholesRJRatnamJAugustineDJCadeBSGignouxJHigginsSILe RouxXLudwigFArdoJBanyikwaFBronnABuciniGCaylorKKCoughenourMBDioufAEkayaWFeralCJFebruaryECFrostPGHHiernauxPHrabarHMetzgerKLPrinsHHTRingroseSSeaWTewsJWordenJZambatisNDeterminants of woody cover in African savannasNature20054388468491634101210.1038/nature040701:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1ynsrrP JewellPLKauferleDGusewellSBerryNRKreuzerMEdwardsPJRedistribution of phosphorus by mountain pasture in cattle on a traditional the AlpsAgric Ecosyst Environ200712237738610.1016/j.agee.2007.02.0121:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsFKhtrs%3D WitkowskiETFO’ConnorTGTopo-edaphic, floristic and physiognomic gradients of woody plants in a semi-arid African savanna woodlandVegetatio199612492310.1007/BF00045140 ReidRSEllisJEImpacts of pastoralists on woodland in South Turkana, Kenya: livestock mediated tree recruitmentEcol Appl1995597899210.2307/2269349 KraaijTWardDEffects of rain, nitrogen, fire and grazing on tree recruitment and early survival in bush-encroached savanna, South AfricaPlant Ecol200618623524610.1007/s11258-006-9125-4 LudwigFde KroonHPrinsHHTImpacts of savanna trees on forage quality for a large African herbivoreOecologia20081554874961830952210.1007/s00442-007-0878-9 RobertsonGPColemanDCBledsoeCSSollinsPStandard soil methods for long-term ecological research1999New YorkOxford University Press De MazancourtCLoreauMAbbadieLGrazing optimization and nutrient cycling: when do herbivores enhance plant production?Ecology1998792242225210.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2242:GOANCW]2.0.CO;2 FornaraDADu ToitJTResponses of woody saplings mammalian herbivory in an exposed to chronic African savannaEcoscience20081512913510.2980/1195-6860(2008)15[129:ROWSET]2.0.CO;2 MourikAAvan LangeveldeFvan TellingenEHeitkönigIMAGaigherIStability of wooded patches in a South African nutrient-poor grassland: do nutrients, fire or herbivores limit their expansion?J Trop Ecol20072352953710.1017/S0266467407004282 AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJInteractive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semi-arid savannaEcosystems200691242125610.1007/s10021-005-0020-y1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotVWmsQ%3D%3D ScholesRJArcherSRTree–grass interactions in savannasAnnu Rev Ecol Syst19972851754410.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.517 AnonymousHandbook of standard soil testing methods for advisory purposes1990PretoriaSoil Science Society of South Africa GoheenJRKeesingFAllanBFOgadaDLOstfeldRSNet effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savannaEcology2004851555156110.1890/03-3060 BlackmoreACMentisMTScholesRJThe origin and extent of nutrient-enriched patches within a nutrient-poor savanna in South-AfricaJ Biogeogr19901746347010.2307/2845378 RitchieMETilmanDKnopsJMHHerbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savannaEcology19987916517710.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0165:HEOPAN]2.0.CO;2 BransbyDITaintonNMThe disc pasture meter: possible applications in grazing managementAfr J Range For Sci197712115118 DavisMAWrageKJReichPBCompetition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demandJ Ecol19988665266110.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x TreydteACHeitkönigIMAPrinsHHTLudwigFTrees improve grass quality for herbivores in African savannasPerspect Plant Ecol2007819720510.1016/j.ppees.2007.03.001 van der WaalCde KroonHde BoerWFHeitkönigIMASkidmoreAKde KnegtHJvan LangeveldeFvan WierenSEGrantCCPageBRSlotowRKohiEMMwakiwaEPrinsHHTWater and nutrients alter herbaceous competitive effects on tree seedlings in a semi-arid savannaJ Ecol20099743043910.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01498.x LudwigFde KroonHBerendseFPrinsHHTThe influence of savanna trees on nutrient, water and light availability and the understorey vegetationPlant Ecol20041709310510.1023/B:VEGE.0000019023.29636.92 RiginosCGraceJBSavanna tree density, herbivores, and the herbaceous community: bottom-up vs. top-down effectsEcology200889222822381872473310.1890/07-1250.1 HejcmanMKlaudisovaMStursaJPavluVSchellbergJHejcmanovaPHaklJRauchOVacekSRevisiting a 37 years abandoned fertilizer experiment on Nardus grassland in the Czech RepublicAgric Ecosyst Environ200711823123610.1016/j.agee.2006.05.027 GrantCCScholesMCThe importance of nutrient hot-spots in the conservation and management of large wild mammalian herbivores in semi-arid savannasBiol Conserv200613042643710.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.004 JacobsSMBechtoldJSBiggsHCGrimmNGLorentzSMcClainMENaimanRJPerakisSSPinayGScholesMCNutrient vectors and riparian processing: a review with special reference to African semiarid savanna ecosystemsEcosystems2007101231124910.1007/s10021-007-9092-11:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvVCmtL4%3D AugustineDJLong-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savannaJ Appl Ecol20034013714910.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00778.x Sammis T (1996) Soil texture analysis. http://weather.nmsu_edu/teaching_Material/soil456/soiltexture/soiltext.htm TreydteACvan BeeckFALLudwigFHeitkönigIMAImproved quality of beneath-canopy grass in South African savannas: local and seasonal variationJ Veg Sci20081966367010.3170/2008-8-18435 Anderson et al (2010) Ecology’s cruel dilemma, phylogenetic trait evolution and the assembly of Serengeti plant communities. J Ecol (in press) SchlesingerWHRaikesJAHartleyAECrossAFOn the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystemsEcology19967736437410.2307/2265615 AugustineDJInfluence of cattle management on habitat selection by impala on central Kenyan rangelandJ Wildl Manage20046891692310.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0916:IOCMOH]2.0.CO;2 BokdamJEffects of browsing and grazing on cyclic succession in nutrient-limited ecosystemsJ Veg Sci20011287588610.2307/3236876 KingdonJThe Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals1997LondonAcademic SankaranMRatnamJHananNPTree–grass coexistence in savannas revisited - insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing modelsEcol Lett2004748049010.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00596.x AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJRegulation of shrub dynamics by native browsing ungulates on East African rangelandJ Appl Ecol200441455810.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00864.x Coates PalgraveKCoates PalgraveMDrummondRBMollEJTrees of Southern Africa2002Cape TownStruik WaldramMSBondWJStockWDEcological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a South African savannaEcosystems20081110111210.1007/s10021-007-9109-9 GillsonLEkblomAResilience and thresholds in savannas: nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transitionEcosystems2009121189120310.1007/s10021-009-9284-y1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsV2ksLvF WilsonSDTilmanDPlant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilizationEcology19937459961110.2307/1939319 KuijperDPJCromsigtJPGMJedrzejewskaBMiscickiSChurskiMJedrzejewskiWKweczlichIBottom-up versus top-down control of tree regeneration in the Białowieza Primeval Forest, PolandJ Ecol20109888889910.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01656.x BigalkeRCPrinsHHTGroothuisJGDolanTTFunctional relationships between protected and agricultural areas in South Africa AC Treydte (1899_CR62) 2008; 19 M Sankaran (1899_CR54) 2005; 438 DJ Augustine (1899_CR5) 2006; 9 AC Treydte (1899_CR61) 2007; 8 T Kraaij (1899_CR36) 2006; 186 RM Holdo (1899_CR31) 2007; 95 CC Grant (1899_CR24) 2006; 130 F Ludwig (1899_CR38) 2004; 170 DA Fornara (1899_CR20) 2008; 15 SJ McNaughton (1899_CR41) 1996; 77 C Riginos (1899_CR48) 2008; 89 JR Goheen (1899_CR23) 2004; 85 SR Moe (1899_CR43) 2008; 23 GP Robertson (1899_CR50) 1999 C Waal van der (1899_CR64) 2009; 97 MA Davis (1899_CR16) 1998; 86 G Sharam (1899_CR58) 2006; 38 SD Wilson (1899_CR68) 1993; 74 RC Ydenberg (1899_CR70) 1981; 18 F Ludwig (1899_CR39) 2008; 155 Anonymous (1899_CR1) 1990 RJ Scholes (1899_CR57) 1997; 28 FJ Singer (1899_CR59) 2003; 181 RS Reid (1899_CR47) 1995; 5 F Langevelde van (1899_CR65) 2003; 84 H Eckhardt (1899_CR18) 2000; 38 DJ Augustine (1899_CR6) 2003; 13 HHT Prins (1899_CR46) 1993; 81 ETF Witkowski (1899_CR69) 1996; 124 AA Mourik (1899_CR44) 2007; 23 1899_CR52 AJ Belsky (1899_CR8) 1986; 18 L Gillson (1899_CR22) 2009; 12 FJ Venter (1899_CR66) 2003 ME Ritchie (1899_CR49) 1998; 79 DJ Augustine (1899_CR4) 2004; 41 JL Heisler (1899_CR28) 2004; 85 J Kingdon (1899_CR35) 1997 M Juchnowicz-Bierbasz (1899_CR34) 2002; 50 C Coetsee (1899_CR14) 2008; 24 I Novozamsky (1899_CR45) 1983; 14 RC Bigalke (1899_CR9) 2000 N Zambatis (1899_CR71) 2006; 23 GE Gibbs Russell (1899_CR21) 1990; 58 SJ McNaughton (1899_CR42) 1997; 278 PL Jewell (1899_CR33) 2007; 122 RD Estes (1899_CR19) 1992 GN Smit (1899_CR60) 2001; 31 RD Bardgett (1899_CR7) 2003; 84 M Hejcman (1899_CR29) 2007; 118 DPJ Kuijper (1899_CR37) 2010; 98 DI Bransby (1899_CR12) 1977; 12 EJ Cohn (1899_CR15) 1989; 121 M Valeix (1899_CR63) 2009; 90 MS Waldram (1899_CR67) 2008; 11 MD MacGregor (1899_CR40) 2002; 27 M Sankaran (1899_CR55) 2008; 17 J Bokdam (1899_CR11) 2001; 12 K Coates Palgrave (1899_CR13) 2002 WH Schlesinger (1899_CR56) 1996; 77 WJ Roem (1899_CR51) 2002; 39 SM Jacobs (1899_CR32) 2007; 10 DJ Augustine (1899_CR2) 2003; 40 C Mazancourt De (1899_CR17) 1998; 79 AC Blackmore (1899_CR10) 1990; 17 M Sankaran (1899_CR53) 2004; 7 DJ Augustine (1899_CR3) 2004; 68 NP Hanan (1899_CR27) 2008; 171 1899_CR72 18462133 - Am Nat. 2008 Jun;171(6):851-6 18724733 - Ecology. 2008 Aug;89(8):2228-38 9388182 - Science. 1997 Dec 5;278(5344):1798-800 18309522 - Oecologia. 2008 Mar;155(3):487-96 16341012 - Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):846-9 19294909 - Ecology. 2009 Jan;90(1):23-30 |
| References_xml | – reference: PrinsHHTvan der JeugdHPHerbivore population crashes and woodland structure in East AfricaJ Ecol19938130531410.2307/2261500 – reference: GoheenJRKeesingFAllanBFOgadaDLOstfeldRSNet effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savannaEcology2004851555156110.1890/03-3060 – reference: Gibbs RussellGEWatsonLKoekemoerMSmookLBarkerNPAndersonHMDallwitzMJGrasses of southern AfricaMem Bot Surv S Afr1990581437 – reference: ZambatisNZachariasPJKMorrisCDDerryJFRe-evaluation of the disc pasture meter calibration for the Kruger National Park, South AfricaAfr J Range For Sci200623859710.2989/10220110609485891 – reference: ValeixMLoveridgeAJChamaille-JammesSDavidsonZMurindagomoFFritzFMacdonaldDWBehavioral adjustments of African herbivores to predation risk by lions: spatiotemporal variations influence habitat useEcology20099023301929490910.1890/08-0606.11:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3hsl2isw%3D%3D – reference: ScholesRJArcherSRTree–grass interactions in savannasAnnu Rev Ecol Syst19972851754410.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.517 – reference: MacGregorMDO’ConnorTGPatch dieback of Colophospermum mopane in a dysfunctional semi-arid African savannaAustral Ecol20022738539510.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01192.x – reference: EckhardtHvan WilgenBWBiggsHCTrends in woody vegetation cover in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1940 and 1998Afr J Ecol20003810811510.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00217.x – reference: JewellPLKauferleDGusewellSBerryNRKreuzerMEdwardsPJRedistribution of phosphorus by mountain pasture in cattle on a traditional the AlpsAgric Ecosyst Environ200712237738610.1016/j.agee.2007.02.0121:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsFKhtrs%3D – reference: RiginosCGraceJBSavanna tree density, herbivores, and the herbaceous community: bottom-up vs. top-down effectsEcology200889222822381872473310.1890/07-1250.1 – reference: CoetseeCFebruaryECBondWJNitrogen availability is not affected by frequent fire in a South African savannaJ Trop Ecol20082464765410.1017/S026646740800549X – reference: BigalkeRCPrinsHHTGroothuisJGDolanTTFunctional relationships between protected and agricultural areas in South Africa and NamibiaWildlife conservation by sustainable use2000BostonKluwer169202 – reference: BardgettRDWardleDAHerbivore-mediated linkages between aboveground and belowground communitiesEcology2003842258226810.1890/02-0274 – reference: AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJFrankDAFeedbacks between soil nutrients and large herbivores in a managed savanna ecosystemEcol Appl2003131325133710.1890/02-5283 – reference: ReidRSEllisJEImpacts of pastoralists on woodland in South Turkana, Kenya: livestock mediated tree recruitmentEcol Appl1995597899210.2307/2269349 – reference: DavisMAWrageKJReichPBCompetition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demandJ Ecol19988665266110.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x – reference: YdenbergRCPrinsHHTSpring grazing and the manipulation of food quality by barnacle geeseJ Appl Ecol19811844345310.2307/2402405 – reference: EstesRDThe behavior guide to African mammals1992Los AngelesUniversity of California Press – reference: SharamGSinclairARETurkingtonREstablishment of broad-leaved thickets in Serengeti, Tanzania: the influence of fire, browsers, grass competition, and elephantsBiotropica20063859960510.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00195.x – reference: BransbyDITaintonNMThe disc pasture meter: possible applications in grazing managementAfr J Range For Sci197712115118 – reference: SmitGNThe influence of tree thinning on the vegetative growth and browse production of Colophospermum mopaneS Afr J Wildl Res20013199114 – reference: BokdamJEffects of browsing and grazing on cyclic succession in nutrient-limited ecosystemsJ Veg Sci20011287588610.2307/3236876 – reference: CohnEJvan AukenOWBushJKCompetitive interactions between Cynodon dactylon and Acacia smallii seedlings at different nutrient levelsAm Midl Nat198912126527210.2307/2426030 – reference: van LangeveldeFvan de VijverCKumarLvan de KoppelJde RidderNvan AndelJSkidmoreAKHearneJWStroosnijderLBondWJPrinsHHTRietkerkMEffects of fire and herbivory on the stability of savanna ecosystemsEcology20038433735010.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2 – reference: RitchieMETilmanDKnopsJMHHerbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savannaEcology19987916517710.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0165:HEOPAN]2.0.CO;2 – reference: KingdonJThe Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals1997LondonAcademic – reference: WaldramMSBondWJStockWDEcological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a South African savannaEcosystems20081110111210.1007/s10021-007-9109-9 – reference: VenterFJScholesRJEckhardtHCDu ToitJTRogersKHBiggsHCThe abiotic template and its associated vegetation patternThe Kruger Experience2003WashingtonIsland Press83129 – reference: KuijperDPJCromsigtJPGMJedrzejewskaBMiscickiSChurskiMJedrzejewskiWKweczlichIBottom-up versus top-down control of tree regeneration in the Białowieza Primeval Forest, PolandJ Ecol20109888889910.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01656.x – reference: De MazancourtCLoreauMAbbadieLGrazing optimization and nutrient cycling: when do herbivores enhance plant production?Ecology1998792242225210.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2242:GOANCW]2.0.CO;2 – reference: KraaijTWardDEffects of rain, nitrogen, fire and grazing on tree recruitment and early survival in bush-encroached savanna, South AfricaPlant Ecol200618623524610.1007/s11258-006-9125-4 – reference: WitkowskiETFO’ConnorTGTopo-edaphic, floristic and physiognomic gradients of woody plants in a semi-arid African savanna woodlandVegetatio199612492310.1007/BF00045140 – reference: SankaranMHananNPScholesRJRatnamJAugustineDJCadeBSGignouxJHigginsSILe RouxXLudwigFArdoJBanyikwaFBronnABuciniGCaylorKKCoughenourMBDioufAEkayaWFeralCJFebruaryECFrostPGHHiernauxPHrabarHMetzgerKLPrinsHHTRingroseSSeaWTewsJWordenJZambatisNDeterminants of woody cover in African savannasNature20054388468491634101210.1038/nature040701:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1ynsrrP – reference: HoldoRMHoltRDCoughenourMBRitchieMEPlant productivity and soil nitrogen as a function of grazing, migration and fire in an African savannaJ Ecol20079511512810.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01192.x – reference: AugustineDJLong-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savannaJ Appl Ecol20034013714910.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00778.x – reference: LudwigFde KroonHPrinsHHTImpacts of savanna trees on forage quality for a large African herbivoreOecologia20081554874961830952210.1007/s00442-007-0878-9 – reference: McNaughtonSJBanyikwaFFMcNaughtonMMPromotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazersScience199727817981800938818210.1126/science.278.5344.17981:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnvFClsbw%3D – reference: RoemWJKleesHBerendseFEffects of nutrient addition and acidification species diversity and seed germinationJ Appl Ecol20023993794810.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00768.x1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpvVSntLo%3D – reference: WilsonSDTilmanDPlant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilizationEcology19937459961110.2307/1939319 – reference: SingerFJSchoeneckerKADo ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?For Ecol Manag200318118920410.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6 – reference: GillsonLEkblomAResilience and thresholds in savannas: nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transitionEcosystems2009121189120310.1007/s10021-009-9284-y1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsV2ksLvF – reference: MoeSRWeggePEffects of deposition of deer dung on nutrient redistribution and on soil and plant nutrients on intensively grazed grasslands in lowland NepalEcol Res20082322723410.1007/s11284-007-0367-y – reference: BelskyAJAmundsonRGSixty years of successional history behind a moving sand dune near Olduvai Gorge, TanzaniaBiotropica19861823123510.2307/2388490 – reference: TreydteACHeitkönigIMAPrinsHHTLudwigFTrees improve grass quality for herbivores in African savannasPerspect Plant Ecol2007819720510.1016/j.ppees.2007.03.001 – reference: SankaranMRatnamJHananNWoody cover in African savannas: the role of resources, fire and herbivoryGlob Ecol Biogeogr20081723624510.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00360.x – reference: HejcmanMKlaudisovaMStursaJPavluVSchellbergJHejcmanovaPHaklJRauchOVacekSRevisiting a 37 years abandoned fertilizer experiment on Nardus grassland in the Czech RepublicAgric Ecosyst Environ200711823123610.1016/j.agee.2006.05.027 – reference: NovozamskyIHoubaVJGVaneckRVanvarkWA novel digestion technique for multi-element plant analysisCommun Soil Sci Plant19831423924810.1080/001036283093673591:CAS:528:DyaL3sXhvFKqt70%3D – reference: SchlesingerWHRaikesJAHartleyAECrossAFOn the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystemsEcology19967736437410.2307/2265615 – reference: Sammis T (1996) Soil texture analysis. http://weather.nmsu_edu/teaching_Material/soil456/soiltexture/soiltext.htm – reference: GrantCCScholesMCThe importance of nutrient hot-spots in the conservation and management of large wild mammalian herbivores in semi-arid savannasBiol Conserv200613042643710.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.004 – reference: TreydteACvan BeeckFALLudwigFHeitkönigIMAImproved quality of beneath-canopy grass in South African savannas: local and seasonal variationJ Veg Sci20081966367010.3170/2008-8-18435 – reference: AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJInteractive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semi-arid savannaEcosystems200691242125610.1007/s10021-005-0020-y1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotVWmsQ%3D%3D – reference: RobertsonGPColemanDCBledsoeCSSollinsPStandard soil methods for long-term ecological research1999New YorkOxford University Press – reference: McNaughtonSJMilchunasDGFrankDAHow can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems?Ecology19967797497710.2307/2265518 – reference: AnonymousHandbook of standard soil testing methods for advisory purposes1990PretoriaSoil Science Society of South Africa – reference: LudwigFde KroonHBerendseFPrinsHHTThe influence of savanna trees on nutrient, water and light availability and the understorey vegetationPlant Ecol20041709310510.1023/B:VEGE.0000019023.29636.92 – reference: SankaranMRatnamJHananNPTree–grass coexistence in savannas revisited - insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing modelsEcol Lett2004748049010.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00596.x – reference: AugustineDJMcNaughtonSJRegulation of shrub dynamics by native browsing ungulates on East African rangelandJ Appl Ecol200441455810.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00864.x – reference: HeislerJLBriggsJMKnappAKBlairJMSeeryADirect and indirect effects of fire on shrub density and aboveground productivity in a mesic grasslandEcology2004852245225710.1890/03-0574 – reference: AugustineDJInfluence of cattle management on habitat selection by impala on central Kenyan rangelandJ Wildl Manage20046891692310.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0916:IOCMOH]2.0.CO;2 – reference: Anderson et al (2010) Ecology’s cruel dilemma, phylogenetic trait evolution and the assembly of Serengeti plant communities. J Ecol (in press) – reference: HananNPSeaWBDangelmayrGGovenderNDo fires in savannas consume woody biomass? A comment on approaches to modeling savanna dynamicsAm Nat20081718518561846213310.1086/587527 – reference: FornaraDADu ToitJTResponses of woody saplings mammalian herbivory in an exposed to chronic African savannaEcoscience20081512913510.2980/1195-6860(2008)15[129:ROWSET]2.0.CO;2 – reference: BlackmoreACMentisMTScholesRJThe origin and extent of nutrient-enriched patches within a nutrient-poor savanna in South-AfricaJ Biogeogr19901746347010.2307/2845378 – reference: Coates PalgraveKCoates PalgraveMDrummondRBMollEJTrees of Southern Africa2002Cape TownStruik – reference: van der WaalCde KroonHde BoerWFHeitkönigIMASkidmoreAKde KnegtHJvan LangeveldeFvan WierenSEGrantCCPageBRSlotowRKohiEMMwakiwaEPrinsHHTWater and nutrients alter herbaceous competitive effects on tree seedlings in a semi-arid savannaJ Ecol20099743043910.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01498.x – reference: MourikAAvan LangeveldeFvan TellingenEHeitkönigIMAGaigherIStability of wooded patches in a South African nutrient-poor grassland: do nutrients, fire or herbivores limit their expansion?J Trop Ecol20072352953710.1017/S0266467407004282 – reference: Juchnowicz-BierbaszMRakusa-SuszczewskiSNutrients and cations content in soil solutions from the present and abandoned penguin rookeries (Antarctica, King George Island)Pol J Ecol20025079911:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFSrurY%3D – reference: JacobsSMBechtoldJSBiggsHCGrimmNGLorentzSMcClainMENaimanRJPerakisSSPinayGScholesMCNutrient vectors and riparian processing: a review with special reference to African semiarid savanna ecosystemsEcosystems2007101231124910.1007/s10021-007-9092-11:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvVCmtL4%3D – volume: 68 start-page: 916 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR3 publication-title: J Wildl Manage doi: 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0916:IOCMOH]2.0.CO;2 – volume-title: Handbook of standard soil testing methods for advisory purposes year: 1990 ident: 1899_CR1 – volume: 15 start-page: 129 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR20 publication-title: Ecoscience doi: 10.2980/1195-6860(2008)15[129:ROWSET]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 17 start-page: 463 year: 1990 ident: 1899_CR10 publication-title: J Biogeogr doi: 10.2307/2845378 – volume: 81 start-page: 305 year: 1993 ident: 1899_CR46 publication-title: J Ecol doi: 10.2307/2261500 – volume: 89 start-page: 2228 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR48 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/07-1250.1 – volume-title: Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research year: 1999 ident: 1899_CR50 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780195120837.001.0001 – ident: 1899_CR72 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01795.x – volume: 84 start-page: 2258 year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR7 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/02-0274 – volume: 17 start-page: 236 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR55 publication-title: Glob Ecol Biogeogr doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00360.x – volume-title: The behavior guide to African mammals year: 1992 ident: 1899_CR19 – volume: 122 start-page: 377 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR33 publication-title: Agric Ecosyst Environ doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.02.012 – ident: 1899_CR52 – volume: 438 start-page: 846 year: 2005 ident: 1899_CR54 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature04070 – volume: 38 start-page: 599 year: 2006 ident: 1899_CR58 publication-title: Biotropica doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00195.x – volume: 8 start-page: 197 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR61 publication-title: Perspect Plant Ecol doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2007.03.001 – volume: 14 start-page: 239 year: 1983 ident: 1899_CR45 publication-title: Commun Soil Sci Plant doi: 10.1080/00103628309367359 – volume: 77 start-page: 364 year: 1996 ident: 1899_CR56 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/2265615 – volume: 39 start-page: 937 year: 2002 ident: 1899_CR51 publication-title: J Appl Ecol doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00768.x – volume: 121 start-page: 265 year: 1989 ident: 1899_CR15 publication-title: Am Midl Nat doi: 10.2307/2426030 – volume-title: The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals year: 1997 ident: 1899_CR35 – volume: 171 start-page: 851 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR27 publication-title: Am Nat doi: 10.1086/587527 – volume: 9 start-page: 1242 year: 2006 ident: 1899_CR5 publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-005-0020-y – volume: 31 start-page: 99 year: 2001 ident: 1899_CR60 publication-title: S Afr J Wildl Res – volume: 40 start-page: 137 year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR2 publication-title: J Appl Ecol doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00778.x – volume: 13 start-page: 1325 year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR6 publication-title: Ecol Appl doi: 10.1890/02-5283 – volume: 130 start-page: 426 year: 2006 ident: 1899_CR24 publication-title: Biol Conserv doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.004 – volume: 84 start-page: 337 year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR65 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 95 start-page: 115 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR31 publication-title: J Ecol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01192.x – volume: 278 start-page: 1798 year: 1997 ident: 1899_CR42 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.278.5344.1798 – volume: 23 start-page: 85 year: 2006 ident: 1899_CR71 publication-title: Afr J Range For Sci doi: 10.2989/10220110609485891 – volume: 170 start-page: 93 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR38 publication-title: Plant Ecol doi: 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000019023.29636.92 – volume: 90 start-page: 23 year: 2009 ident: 1899_CR63 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/08-0606.1 – volume: 79 start-page: 2242 year: 1998 ident: 1899_CR17 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2242:GOANCW]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 77 start-page: 974 year: 1996 ident: 1899_CR41 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/2265518 – volume: 86 start-page: 652 year: 1998 ident: 1899_CR16 publication-title: J Ecol doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00087.x – volume: 5 start-page: 978 year: 1995 ident: 1899_CR47 publication-title: Ecol Appl doi: 10.2307/2269349 – volume: 24 start-page: 647 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR14 publication-title: J Trop Ecol doi: 10.1017/S026646740800549X – start-page: 83 volume-title: The Kruger Experience year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR66 – volume: 11 start-page: 101 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR67 publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9 – volume: 12 start-page: 115 year: 1977 ident: 1899_CR12 publication-title: Afr J Range For Sci – volume: 18 start-page: 443 year: 1981 ident: 1899_CR70 publication-title: J Appl Ecol doi: 10.2307/2402405 – volume: 12 start-page: 875 year: 2001 ident: 1899_CR11 publication-title: J Veg Sci doi: 10.2307/3236876 – volume: 19 start-page: 663 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR62 publication-title: J Veg Sci doi: 10.3170/2008-8-18435 – volume: 27 start-page: 385 year: 2002 ident: 1899_CR40 publication-title: Austral Ecol doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01192.x – volume: 97 start-page: 430 year: 2009 ident: 1899_CR64 publication-title: J Ecol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01498.x – volume: 124 start-page: 9 year: 1996 ident: 1899_CR69 publication-title: Vegetatio doi: 10.1007/BF00045140 – volume: 28 start-page: 517 year: 1997 ident: 1899_CR57 publication-title: Annu Rev Ecol Syst doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.517 – volume: 186 start-page: 235 year: 2006 ident: 1899_CR36 publication-title: Plant Ecol doi: 10.1007/s11258-006-9125-4 – volume: 181 start-page: 189 year: 2003 ident: 1899_CR59 publication-title: For Ecol Manag doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6 – volume: 23 start-page: 529 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR44 publication-title: J Trop Ecol doi: 10.1017/S0266467407004282 – volume: 85 start-page: 1555 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR23 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/03-3060 – volume: 50 start-page: 79 year: 2002 ident: 1899_CR34 publication-title: Pol J Ecol – volume: 7 start-page: 480 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR53 publication-title: Ecol Lett doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00596.x – volume: 41 start-page: 45 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR4 publication-title: J Appl Ecol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00864.x – volume: 118 start-page: 231 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR29 publication-title: Agric Ecosyst Environ doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.027 – volume: 38 start-page: 108 year: 2000 ident: 1899_CR18 publication-title: Afr J Ecol doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00217.x – volume: 23 start-page: 227 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR43 publication-title: Ecol Res doi: 10.1007/s11284-007-0367-y – volume: 18 start-page: 231 year: 1986 ident: 1899_CR8 publication-title: Biotropica doi: 10.2307/2388490 – volume: 12 start-page: 1189 year: 2009 ident: 1899_CR22 publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-009-9284-y – volume: 85 start-page: 2245 year: 2004 ident: 1899_CR28 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/03-0574 – volume: 155 start-page: 487 year: 2008 ident: 1899_CR39 publication-title: Oecologia doi: 10.1007/s00442-007-0878-9 – start-page: 169 volume-title: Wildlife conservation by sustainable use year: 2000 ident: 1899_CR9 doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-4012-6_9 – volume: 98 start-page: 888 year: 2010 ident: 1899_CR37 publication-title: J Ecol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01656.x – volume: 10 start-page: 1231 year: 2007 ident: 1899_CR32 publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-007-9092-1 – volume: 58 start-page: 1 year: 1990 ident: 1899_CR21 publication-title: Mem Bot Surv S Afr – volume: 79 start-page: 165 year: 1998 ident: 1899_CR49 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0165:HEOPAN]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 74 start-page: 599 year: 1993 ident: 1899_CR68 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1939319 – volume-title: Trees of Southern Africa year: 2002 ident: 1899_CR13 – reference: 19294909 - Ecology. 2009 Jan;90(1):23-30 – reference: 18462133 - Am Nat. 2008 Jun;171(6):851-6 – reference: 18724733 - Ecology. 2008 Aug;89(8):2228-38 – reference: 16341012 - Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):846-9 – reference: 18309522 - Oecologia. 2008 Mar;155(3):487-96 – reference: 9388182 - Science. 1997 Dec 5;278(5344):1798-800 |
| SSID | ssj0014155 |
| Score | 2.3846304 |
| Snippet | In savannas, the tree-grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores... In savannas, the tree–grass balance is governed by water, nutrients, fire and herbivory, and their interactions. We studied the hypothesis that herbivores... |
| SourceID | wageningen pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed pascalfrancis crossref springer jstor fao |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 1095 |
| SubjectTerms | Analysis Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals biogeochemical cycles Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences bottom-up Bush encroachment calcium Calcium - analysis Competition Cycling Data processing Dung Ecology Ecosystem ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY Ecosystem ecology - Original Paper ecosystems Feces Feedback fire Fires forage quality Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects grass Grasses Grazing Herbivores Herbivory Heterogeneity Hot spots Hydrology/Water Resources kruger-national-park Life Sciences Livestock Livestock - growth & development Livestock - metabolism magnesium Magnesium - analysis nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis Nutrient availability Nutrient balance Nutrient cycle Nutrient cycles Nutrient hotspot Nutrients Nutritional Requirements phosphorus Phosphorus - analysis plant Plant production Plant Sciences Poaceae - growth & development Poaceae - metabolism Population Dynamics potassium Potassium - analysis Predation Recruitment Savanna soils Savannahs Savannas Seedlings Seedlings - growth & development Seedlings - metabolism soil Soil - analysis Soil - chemistry Soil fertility Soil nutrients Soil structure South Africa south-african savanna species recruitment Time Factors tree recruitment Tree-grass competition Trees Trees - growth & development Trees - metabolism Urine Vegetation Vegetation structure woody cover |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Biological Science Database dbid: M7P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEBZN2kJ66DuNmzSIUii0mMov2TqVUBJaCCE0DeQmZFneLGzsNMpu2H_fGVn21rTdS0_rRSOsx2g08nz6hpB3PC1VnlVlaGKVhGlkWKgiYcJKKM6MMJqXjl3_OD85KS4uxKnH5lgPq-xtojPUVavxG_mnIuMiS_M0-3z9M8SkURhc9Rk0Nsh9JElIHHLvdAgi4F7ZIzwKOAf1QU3WcYimiEnAwKYQYTLaljZq1Q4muoMpImZSWRi2ust38TeH9E9c5RBcfUS27sA-NO7C1G8b2NGT_-z6U_LYe670oFO1Z-SeaZ6Th10uyyU8HTr-6-ULYo4RXU5BGcrpooXjPL1SS-rC8nRhJh7fSDvm2vmNoW1NrbmahnBsr6hV4Ns3ylKfQYjadjqjDSYNgP5Sd9MF678k50eHP758DX02h1DnnN2GBTg-0BFdgF2r6kSZMkX33jCTC8brMtKmSk0NoycqweqY65oXtcpiE5WapybZJptN25gdQksNm2icRzriLM25KbMqKXSFxDhxGYkqIKyfTKk91Tlm3JjJgaTZzb9k-B_mXyYB-TBUue54PtYJ74CGSDUBOyzPz2KM_mI4MklEQN6i2kik1mgQuzNRc2vlt7Pv8gBdO56DVEDee6G6hXZp5a9CQO-QjWskuTeShLWvR8XbTjuHJqdw4BVwBgjI_khdBwEMpolCxAHZ7XVNeqtl5aBoAaFDKb4SgXiNaecoAqcxpIBaI8IZ5lDIkn-LCGRZAs8wCsirbsmsGhjFyM8AlfPRYhoEkA99XNJMLx0vOmxdOWxSAfnYL7tV19bMZbJambLBBF7WvcN_RZV38xvZzPAH3mpliqHv6PXa4dslW13oAQFee2QT1pN5Qx7oxe3U3uw7I_ULHZyXyw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Large herbivores may alter vegetation structure of semi-arid savannas through soil nutrient mediation |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/41499800 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-010-1899-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225433 https://www.proquest.com/docview/856954745 https://www.proquest.com/docview/857290776 https://www.proquest.com/docview/860874553 https://www.proquest.com/docview/902356611 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3057003 http://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs%2F406401 |
| Volume | 165 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000288397200025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1939 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014155 issn: 0029-8549 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20020101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1939 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014155 issn: 0029-8549 databaseCode: PCBAR dateStart: 20020101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1939 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014155 issn: 0029-8549 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20020101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1939 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014155 issn: 0029-8549 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20020101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK Contemporary 1997-Present customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1939 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014155 issn: 0029-8549 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Za9tAEB7qpIX0oXcaNalZSqHQItC50j6mxaGFYIzdFL8tq9UqMSRSsWIH__vO6HJFU0P74oMdea-51jP7DcB7HiQqCtPENp7y7cA1jq1cYexUKO4YYTRPKnT982g8judzMWnucZdttnsbkqw0dXfZjWKPlEZAsUghbH8A-2jtYpLG6exHFzogC9nmdcR4-mlDmff9RM8YDTJVdIq5Tk6kTElV4mJldZWL-9zQP7Mpu5DqYzi4Q62QV9ekfjNbZ0__a8LP4EnjpbLTmq2ewwOTv4BHdd3KDX4aVVjXm5dgzimTnOHGJ4t1gUd3dqM2rArBs7W5bHIZWY1Su1oaVmSsNDcLG4_oKSsV-vG5KllTLYiVxeKa5VQgAGfJqlst9PwruDgbff_y1W4qN9g64s6tHaOTE3KhY9RhaeYrkwTkyhvHRMLhWeJqkwYmwzUTqXAyj-uMx5kKPeMmmgfGP4S9vMjNEbBEo8H0Ile73AkibpIw9WOdEgiOl7gitcBpt1DqBtacqmtcyw6QuVpH6dB3XEfpW_Cxe-Rnjemxi_gI-UKqS9S58mLmUaSXQo--Lyx4R8wiCUYjpzydS7UqS_ltNpWn5MbxCKks-NAQZQWOS6vm2gPOjpC3epQnPUqUc91rPqx4shtygIdbgf6-BcMek3YEFDgTsfAsOG65VjYaqpQx7k8YREFoAetaqUtKustNsSISPHkR3NMOEu5QvYTQ_zuJIEQl9AJdC17XgrIdoOsRFgM-HPVEqCMg7PN-S764qjDQ0UxFaJAs-NTKznZqO_bS38qjzKlYV1n10fxjKu9WS5lf0xv2WsqAwtzum3_q4xgO6rADJXedwB7Kl3kLD_X6dlEuhzCI5lH1Gg9h__NoPJkOKd14MqyU2C9Ra5H6 |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bT9RAFD4B1IgP3pEK4sRoTDSNvbfzYAxRCISVGIFk38bpdIqbQIs77G72R_kfPac3bNR948Gn7aannV7OZU7PN98BeBkFqYzDLLW1J307cLVjS5drO-MycjTXKkordv1BfHiYDIf8yxL8bNfCEKyy9YmVo85KRd_I3yVhxMMgDsIPFz9sahpFxdW2g0atFQd6PsOMzbzf_4Sv95Xn7e4cf9yzm6YCtooj59JOMP7iqVSC5pXlvtRpQLNM7eiYO1Geukpngc51pnjGndyLVB4luQw97aYqCrSP512GG-jGY0KQxcMuv3MpNreIkgTzrraI6tScpQFhIKiQyrnt98Lgci7LLiTUsEjCaEqDrymv-2v8bQL8J46zK-begdUZ-qOiWqD1W8DcvfefPer7cLeZmbPt2pQewJIuHsKtulfnHLd2Kn7v-SPQA0LPM1T2dDQtx9qwczlnFeyATfVpg99kNTPvZKxZmTOjz0e2HI8yZiTmLoU0rOmQxEw5OmMFNUXA58uqlTx0_GM4uZa7XYOVoiz0OrBU4STBi13lRk4QRzoNMz9RGRH_eKnLMwucVnmEaqjcqaPImehIqCt9Ew79R30TvgVvukMuah6TRcLrqJFCnmKcESdHHlW3qdzq-9yCF6SmgqhDCsImncqJMWL_6KvYpqlrFKOUBa8bobzE61KyWeqBd0dsYz3JzZ4k-jbV271WWUN3yQEm9BxzHAu2eubRCVCxkCfcs2Cj1W3ReGUjOsW2gHV7aUgCGha6nJAIZptEcbVAJHKoR0To_1uEE4sUznxdC57UJnp1ga5H_BN4cNwz3k6A-N77e4rR94r3HUNzjEHYgretmV_d2oJ36V95AlFQgzJTjdF8JRazyVgUZ_SDoxoRUGnffbrw8T2H23vHnwdisH94sAGrdZmFwGybsIK2pZ_BTTW9HJnxVuUgGXy7bjfxC8C99w8 |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bT9RAFD4BvAQfvCMVxInRmGgaep12HowhApFACBFJeBun0yluAi3usJD9af47z-kNG3XfePBpu-lppzM9l5meb74D8JpHmUriPHNNoEI38o3nKl8YNxeKe0YYzbOaXX8v2d9Pj4_FwRz87PbCEKyy84m1o84rTd_I19OYizhKoni9aFERB5vbH89_uFRAihKtXTWNRkN2zfQKV2_2w84mvuo3QbC99fXTZ7ctMODqhHsXboqxGG-rUzS1vAiVySKacRrPJMLjReZrk0emMLkWufCKgOuCp4WKA-NnmkcmxPvOw62EOMtr1OBBn8CgON2hS1Jcg3UJVa_hL40ID0FJVSHccBAS5wtV9eGhgUgSXlNZfGVFU2vjb5PhPzGdfWL3HixeoW8q681avwXP7Qf_8bA_hPvtjJ1tNCb2COZM-RjuNDU8p3i0VfN-T5-A2SNUPUMjyEaX1dhYdqamrIYjsEtz0uI6WcPYOxkbVhXMmrORq8ajnFmFa5pSWdZWTmK2Gp2ykool4FizeocPXf8Ujm6kt0uwUFalWQaWaZw8BImvfe5FCTdZnIepzokQKMh8kTvgdYokdUvxTpVGTmVPTl3rnvToP-qeDB14119y3vCbzBJeRu2U6gTjjzw6DCjrTWnYMBQOvCKVlUQpUpKanKiJtXLn8IvcoCktT1DKgbetUFHhc2nVbgHB3hEL2UBydSCJPk8PTi_VltE_coQLfYFrHwfWBqbSC1ASUaQicGCl03PZemsreyV3gPVnqUkCIJammpAIrkKJ-mqGCPeodkQc_ltEELsUzoh9B5415nr9gH5AvBR4cTIw5F6AeOCHZ8rR95oPHkN2gsHZgfedyV93bca7DK-9giypcJmt22i_HsuryViWp_SDrVoZUcrffz5z-F7CXfQOcm9nf3cFFpvsC2HcVmEBTcu8gNv68mJkx2u1r2Tw7aa9xC-KCP_d |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Large+herbivores+may+alter+vegetation+structure+of+semi-arid+savannas+through+soil+nutrient+mediation&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.au=Van+der+Waal%2C+Cornelis&rft.au=Kool%2C+Ada&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Seline+S&rft.au=Kohi%2C+Edward&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.issn=0029-8549&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=4+p.1095-1107&rft.spage=1095&rft.epage=1107&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-010-1899-3&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0029-8549&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0029-8549&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0029-8549&client=summon |