Joint influences of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension on indices of ventricular remodeling: Findings from the community-based Framingham Heart Study

Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% wome...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one Jg. 15; H. 12; S. e0243199
Hauptverfasser:	von Jeinsen, Beatrice, Vasan, Ramachandran S., McManus, David D., Mitchell, Gary F., Cheng, Susan, Xanthakis, Vanessa
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 10.12.2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:	Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body weight Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular diseases Clusters Congestive heart failure Coronary artery disease Diabetes Diabetes Complications - physiopathology Diabetes mellitus Echocardiography Epidemiology Evaluation Female Flow velocity Geometry Health care Health risk assessment Heart failure Humans Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Male Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Methods Middle Aged Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - physiopathology Overweight Physiological aspects Preventive medicine Public health Statistical analysis Statistical models Test reliability Ventricle Ventricular Remodeling United States United States > US Massachusetts
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no). We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster.
AbstractList	Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no). We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster. Introduction Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. Materials and methods We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no). Results We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF. Conclusions Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster. IntroductionObesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated.Materials and methodsWe evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no).ResultsWe observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF.ConclusionsObesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated.INTRODUCTIONObesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated.We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no).MATERIALS AND METHODSWe evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no).We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF.RESULTSWe observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF.Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster.CONCLUSIONSObesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster. Introduction Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. Materials and methods We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e’, left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no). Results We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF. Conclusions Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of these conditions on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. We evaluated 5,741 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 55% women) who underwent echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), mitral E/e', left atrial end-systolic (peak) dimension (LASD) and emptying fraction (LAEF). We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted-least square means of these measures according to cross-classified categories of body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight and obese), hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes (yes/no). We observed statistically significant interactions of BMI category, hypertension, and diabetes with LVM, LVEF, GLS, and LAEF (p for all 3-way interactions <0.01). Overweight and obesity (compared to normal BMI), hypertension, and diabetes status were individually and conjointly associated with higher LVM and worse GLS (p<0.01 for all). We observed an increase of 34% for LVM and of 9% for GLS between individuals with a normal BMI and without hypertension or diabetes compared to obese individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Presence of hypertension was associated with higher LVEF, whereas people with diabetes had lower LVEF. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes interact synergistically to influence cardiac remodeling. These findings may explain the markedly heightened risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disease when these factors co-cluster.
Audience	Academic
Author	Vasan, Ramachandran S. McManus, David D. von Jeinsen, Beatrice Xanthakis, Vanessa Cheng, Susan Mitchell, Gary F.
AuthorAffiliation	3 Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, ITALY 2 Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 6 Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America 1 Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America 7 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 5 Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, Massachusetts, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 5 Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 6 Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America – name: 2 Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 7 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 3 Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, ITALY
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Beatrice surname: von Jeinsen fullname: von Jeinsen, Beatrice – sequence: 2 givenname: Ramachandran S. orcidid: 0000-0001-7357-5970 surname: Vasan fullname: Vasan, Ramachandran S. – sequence: 3 givenname: David D. surname: McManus fullname: McManus, David D. – sequence: 4 givenname: Gary F. surname: Mitchell fullname: Mitchell, Gary F. – sequence: 5 givenname: Susan orcidid: 0000-0002-4977-036X surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Susan – sequence: 6 givenname: Vanessa orcidid: 0000-0002-7352-621X surname: Xanthakis fullname: Xanthakis, Vanessa
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33301464$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: Susan Cheng has received consulting fees from Zogenix for work unrelated to this manuscript. Gary F. Mitchell has the following disclosures: a) grants: NIH, Novartis (both significant); b) consulting: Novartis, Servier, Merck, Bayer (all significant); and c) ownership: Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. (significant). These affiliations do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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Snippet	Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate influences of... Introduction Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate... IntroductionObesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate... Introduction Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are independently associated with cardiac remodeling and frequently co-cluster. The conjoint and separate...
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SubjectTerms	Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body weight Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular diseases Clusters Congestive heart failure Coronary artery disease Diabetes Diabetes Complications - physiopathology Diabetes mellitus Echocardiography Epidemiology Evaluation Female Flow velocity Geometry Health care Health risk assessment Heart failure Humans Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Male Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Methods Middle Aged Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - physiopathology Overweight Physiological aspects Preventive medicine Public health Statistical analysis Statistical models Test reliability Ventricle Ventricular Remodeling
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Title	Joint influences of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension on indices of ventricular remodeling: Findings from the community-based Framingham Heart Study
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Volume	15
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