Impact of Visceral Fat on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Vice Versa in a Prospective Cohort Study: The Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS)
Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. We observed changes...
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| Vydáno v: | PloS one Ročník 9; číslo 12; s. e115407 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
Public Library of Science
17.12.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
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| Abstract | Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa.
We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6 ± 2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9 ± 14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination.
ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555).
This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. |
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| AbstractList | Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6±2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9±14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination. ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555). This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa.OBJECTIVESSarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa.We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6 ± 2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9 ± 14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination.METHODSWe observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6 ± 2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9 ± 14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination.ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555).RESULTSALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555).This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society.CONCLUSIONSThis longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. Objectives Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. Methods We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6±2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9±14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination. Results ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555). Conclusions This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. Objectives Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. Methods We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6±2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9±14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination. Results ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity ( P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels ( P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant ( P = 0.555). Conclusions This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6 ± 2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9 ± 14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination. ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555). This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa.We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6 ± 2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9 ± 14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination.ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555).This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Yoo, Hye Jin Kim, Tae Nyun Choi, Hae Yoon Hong, Ho Cheol Choi, Kyung Mook Baik, Sei Hyun Kang, Hyun Joo Newman, Anne B. Park, Man Sik Ryu, Ja Young Park, Seok Won Song, Wook |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea 5 Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea University of Wisconsin, United States of America 4 Sports Medicine, Division of Physical Education, Soonchunhyang University, A-San, Korea 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Pochon, Korea 7 Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America 3 Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea – name: 4 Sports Medicine, Division of Physical Education, Soonchunhyang University, A-San, Korea – name: 7 Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America – name: University of Wisconsin, United States of America – name: 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Pochon, Korea – name: 3 Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea – name: 5 Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea – name: 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tae Nyun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Tae Nyun – sequence: 2 givenname: Man Sik surname: Park fullname: Park, Man Sik – sequence: 3 givenname: Ja Young surname: Ryu fullname: Ryu, Ja Young – sequence: 4 givenname: Hae Yoon surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Hae Yoon – sequence: 5 givenname: Ho Cheol surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Ho Cheol – sequence: 6 givenname: Hye Jin surname: Yoo fullname: Yoo, Hye Jin – sequence: 7 givenname: Hyun Joo surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Hyun Joo – sequence: 8 givenname: Wook surname: Song fullname: Song, Wook – sequence: 9 givenname: Seok Won surname: Park fullname: Park, Seok Won – sequence: 10 givenname: Sei Hyun surname: Baik fullname: Baik, Sei Hyun – sequence: 11 givenname: Anne B. surname: Newman fullname: Newman, Anne B. – sequence: 12 givenname: Kyung Mook surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Kyung Mook |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517117$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0115407 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: KMC MSP TNK. Performed the experiments: TNK JYR HCH HYC MSP. Analyzed the data: WS HJK MSP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HJY HJK WS SWP SHB ABN. Wrote the paper: TNK KMC. |
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| Snippet | Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very... Objectives Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective... Objectives Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective... |
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| SubjectTerms | Absorptiometry, Photon Adipose tissue Adult Adults Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Anthropometry Body composition Body fat Body mass Body Mass Index Body measurements Body size C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - analysis Cohort analysis Computed tomography Correlation analysis Diabetes Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Endocrinology Energy consumption Energy measurement Exercise Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Insulin Insulin resistance Internal medicine Intra-Abdominal Fat - physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Male Mathematical analysis Medical imaging Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolic disorders Middle Aged Muscles Musculoskeletal system Obesity Obesity, Abdominal - complications Older people Parameter sensitivity Physical education Physical fitness Prognosis Prospective Studies Regression analysis Republic of Korea Risk Factors Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - epidemiology Sarcopenia - etiology Sarcopenia - pathology Skeletal muscle Statistical analysis Tomography, X-Ray Computed Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency Womens health Young Adult |
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| Title | Impact of Visceral Fat on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Vice Versa in a Prospective Cohort Study: The Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS) |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517117 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1637541546 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1639972055 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4269440 https://doaj.org/article/a55f8dea578c40c1b176ff75426f16a0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115407 |
| Volume | 9 |
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