Analysis of conductive olfactory dysfunction using computational fluid dynamics

Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynami...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one Jg. 17; H. 1; S. e0262579
Hauptverfasser:	Asama, Youji, Furutani, Akiko, Fujioka, Masato, Ozawa, Hiroyuki, Takei, Satoshi, Shibata, Shigenobu, Ogawa, Kaoru
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 12.01.2022 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:	Abnormalities Adenoid Adult Air flow Analysis Apnea Biology and Life Sciences Breathing Case-Control Studies Computational fluid dynamics Computed tomography Computer applications Diagnosis Endoscopy Experiments Female Finite volume method Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Humans Hydrodynamics Hyperplasia Male Medical research Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mouth Mouth Breathing - diagnostic imaging Mouth Breathing - physiopathology Nasal Obstruction - diagnostic imaging Nasal Obstruction - physiopathology Nasopharynx Nose Olfaction Olfaction disorders Olfaction Disorders - diagnostic imaging Olfaction Disorders - pathology Otolaryngology Partial differential equations Patients Physical Sciences Polyps Respiration Respiratory physiology Retrospective Studies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sleep apnea Sleep disorders Smell disorders Surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Japan
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal–nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.
AbstractList	Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal–nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology. Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.
Audience	Academic
Author	Ogawa, Kaoru Furutani, Akiko Takei, Satoshi Shibata, Shigenobu Fujioka, Masato Ozawa, Hiroyuki Asama, Youji
AuthorAffiliation	4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan 3 Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Sapienza University of Rome, ITALY 1 Asama Institute, Asama-ENT-Clinic, Koga, Ibaraki, Japan 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Asama Institute, Asama-ENT-Clinic, Koga, Ibaraki, Japan – name: Sapienza University of Rome, ITALY – name: 3 Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan – name: 4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan – name: 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35020767$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijporl_2023_111735 crossref_primary_10_1177_19458924241296457 crossref_primary_10_1159_000547417 crossref_primary_10_1177_19458924251360408
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Snippet	Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when...
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SubjectTerms	Abnormalities Adenoid Adult Air flow Analysis Apnea Biology and Life Sciences Breathing Case-Control Studies Computational fluid dynamics Computed tomography Computer applications Diagnosis Endoscopy Experiments Female Finite volume method Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Humans Hydrodynamics Hyperplasia Male Medical research Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mouth Mouth Breathing - diagnostic imaging Mouth Breathing - physiopathology Nasal Obstruction - diagnostic imaging Nasal Obstruction - physiopathology Nasopharynx Nose Olfaction Olfaction disorders Olfaction Disorders - diagnostic imaging Olfaction Disorders - pathology Otolaryngology Partial differential equations Patients Physical Sciences Polyps Respiration Respiratory physiology Retrospective Studies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sleep apnea Sleep disorders Smell disorders Surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Title	Analysis of conductive olfactory dysfunction using computational fluid dynamics
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