Partisanship, health behavior, and policy attitudes in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020). We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a b...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 16; číslo 4; s. e0249596
Hlavní autori:	Gadarian, Shana Kushner, Goodman, Sara Wallace, Pepinsky, Thomas B.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 07.04.2021 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Adult Attitudes Biology and Life Sciences Colleges & universities Concept formation Consent Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control Disease control Editing Epidemics Federal government Female Health aspects Health Behavior Humans Male Medicine and Health Sciences Methodology Pandemics Pandemics - prevention & control Partisanship Party affiliation Polarization Policy Political aspects Political leadership Political parties Political science Politics Polls & surveys Presidents Public Health Public opinion Public opinion research Public policy Reviews SARS-CoV-2 Social aspects Social distancing Social Sciences United States United States - epidemiology Viral diseases United States United States > US California
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020). We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. We find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study. Our analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic.
AbstractList	To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020). We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. We find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study. Our analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic. To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020). We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. We find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study. Our analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic. About the Authors: Shana Kushner Gadarian Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliation: Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America Sara Wallace Goodman Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliation: Department of Political Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-985X Thomas B. Pepinsky Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing * E-mail: pepinsky@cornell.edu Affiliation: Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-217X Introduction The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected nearly every aspect of economic, social and political life in the United States. Administrative missteps created further uncertainty, revealing severe mismanagement from the federal government and the Centers from the Disease Control (CDC), most prominently in the lack of nationwide test availability and reversing recommendations on face masking. [...]increasing partisan polarization on the elite level [19] and the rise of ideologically aligned media [20] combine to make partisans not only prefer their own party members over those in the opposite party [21] but also actively dislike members of the other party [22]. Differing from the voluminous body of survey analyses by public opinion research firms such as Pew and Gallup, ours is an IRB-approved analysis of the partisan politics of COVID-19 that adjusts flexibly for a wide range of demographic and geographic differences, using a saturated indicator variable approach that allows for nonlinear relationships between plausible confounders, health behaviors, and attitudes. Objective To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020). Method We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. Results We find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study. Conclusion Our analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic. To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020).OBJECTIVETo study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020).We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences.METHODWe designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences.We find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study.RESULTSWe find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study.Our analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic.CONCLUSIONOur analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic. About the Authors: Shana Kushner Gadarian Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliation: Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America Sara Wallace Goodman Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliation: Department of Political Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-985X Thomas B. Pepinsky Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing * E-mail: pepinsky@cornell.edu Affiliation: Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-217X Introduction The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected nearly every aspect of economic, social and political life in the United States. Administrative missteps created further uncertainty, revealing severe mismanagement from the federal government and the Centers from the Disease Control (CDC), most prominently in the lack of nationwide test availability and reversing recommendations on face masking. [...]increasing partisan polarization on the elite level [19] and the rise of ideologically aligned media [20] combine to make partisans not only prefer their own party members over those in the opposite party [21] but also actively dislike members of the other party [22]. Differing from the voluminous body of survey analyses by public opinion research firms such as Pew and Gallup, ours is an IRB-approved analysis of the partisan politics of COVID-19 that adjusts flexibly for a wide range of demographic and geographic differences, using a saturated indicator variable approach that allows for nonlinear relationships between plausible confounders, health behaviors, and attitudes. ObjectiveTo study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23, 2020).MethodWe designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20-23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for partisan differences COVID-19 related policy attitudes and behaviors, measured in three different ways: party affiliation, intended 2020 Presidential vote, and self-placed ideological positioning. Our multivariate approach adjusts for a wide range of individual demographic and geographic characteristics that might confound the relationship between partisanship and health behaviors, attitudes, and preferences.ResultsWe find that partisanship-measured as party identification, support for President Trump, or left-right ideological positioning-explains differences in Americans across a wide range of health behaviors and policy preferences. We find no consistent evidence that controlling for individual news consumption, the local policy environment, and local pandemic-related deaths erases the observed partisan differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. In further analyses, we use a LASSO regression approach to select predictors, and find that a partisanship indicator is the most commonly selected predictor across the 38 dependent variables that we study.ConclusionOur analysis of individual self-reported behavior, attitudes, and policy preferences in response to COVID-19 reveals that partisanship played a central role in shaping individual responses in the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate that partisan differences in responding to a national public health emergency were entrenched from the earliest days of the pandemic.
Audience	Academic
Author	Gadarian, Shana Kushner Goodman, Sara Wallace Pepinsky, Thomas B.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Political Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America 3 Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America Vanderbilt University, UNITED STATES 1 Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Political Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America – name: Vanderbilt University, UNITED STATES – name: 1 Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America – name: 3 Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Shana Kushner surname: Gadarian fullname: Gadarian, Shana Kushner – sequence: 2 givenname: Sara Wallace orcidid: 0000-0003-0211-985X surname: Goodman fullname: Goodman, Sara Wallace – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas B. orcidid: 0000-0002-4000-217X surname: Pepinsky fullname: Pepinsky, Thomas B.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33826646$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20-23,... Objective To study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March... About the Authors: Shana Kushner Gadarian Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliation: Department of... ObjectiveTo study the U.S. public's health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Attitudes Biology and Life Sciences Colleges & universities Concept formation Consent Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control Disease control Editing Epidemics Federal government Female Health aspects Health Behavior Humans Male Medicine and Health Sciences Methodology Pandemics Pandemics - prevention & control Partisanship Party affiliation Polarization Policy Political aspects Political leadership Political parties Political science Politics Polls & surveys Presidents Public Health Public opinion Public opinion research Public policy Reviews SARS-CoV-2 Social aspects Social distancing Social Sciences United States United States - epidemiology Viral diseases
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Title	Partisanship, health behavior, and policy attitudes in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
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