Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia Jg. 56; H. 8; S. 1735 - 1742 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.08.2013
Springer Springer Nature B.V |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0012-186X, 1432-0428, 1432-0428 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Abstract | Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or
HLA-DQ
genes.
Methods
Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A),
HLA-DQA-B1
genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
Results
At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls;
p
< 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (
p
< 0.001) and with TGAb (
p
< 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (
p
= 0.039) and TGAb (
p
= 0.015).
DQB1*05:01
in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83,
p
value corrected for multiple comparisons (
p
c
) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87,
p
c
= 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4.
Conclusions/interpretation
GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while
HLA-DQB1*05:01
reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and
HLA-DQ
genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. Methods: Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Results: At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p<0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p<0.001) and with TGAb (p<0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p=0.039) and TGAb (p=0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p sub(c))=0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p sub(c)=0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. Conclusions/interpretation: GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanBlood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAt type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p andlt; 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p andlt; 0.001) and with TGAb (p andlt; 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p (c)) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p (c) = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanGADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. METHODS: Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). RESULTS: At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p < 0.001) and with TGAb (p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p c) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p < 0.001) and with TGAb (p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p c) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes.AIMS/HYPOTHESISThe aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes.Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).METHODSBlood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p < 0.001) and with TGAb (p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p c) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4.RESULTSAt type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p < 0.001) and with TGAb (p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p c) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4.GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONGADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p<0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p<0.001) and with TGAb (p<0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p=0.039) and TGAb (p=0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p ^sub c^)=0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p ^sub c^=0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. Methods Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Results At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb ( p < 0.001) and with TGAb ( p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb ( p = 0.039) and TGAb ( p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons ( p c ) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. Conclusions/interpretation GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. METHODS: Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). RESULTS: At type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p < 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p < 0.001) and with TGAb (p < 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p c) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p c = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: GADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity. |
| Author | Andersson, C. Carlsson, A. Ludvigsson, J. Jonsdottir, B. Delli, A. Marcus, C. Samuelsson, U. Forsander, G. Ivarsson, S.-A. Örtqvist, E. Lernmark, Å. Larsson, H. Elding |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: B. surname: Jonsdottir fullname: Jonsdottir, B. email: berglind.jonsdottir@gmail.com organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS – sequence: 2 givenname: C. surname: Andersson fullname: Andersson, C. organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS – sequence: 3 givenname: A. surname: Carlsson fullname: Carlsson, A. organization: Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: A. surname: Delli fullname: Delli, A. organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS – sequence: 5 givenname: G. surname: Forsander fullname: Forsander, G. organization: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute – sequence: 6 givenname: J. surname: Ludvigsson fullname: Ludvigsson, J. organization: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Hospital – sequence: 7 givenname: C. surname: Marcus fullname: Marcus, C. organization: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute – sequence: 8 givenname: U. surname: Samuelsson fullname: Samuelsson, U. organization: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Hospital – sequence: 9 givenname: E. surname: Örtqvist fullname: Örtqvist, E. organization: Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute – sequence: 10 givenname: Å. surname: Lernmark fullname: Lernmark, Å. organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS – sequence: 11 givenname: S.-A. surname: Ivarsson fullname: Ivarsson, S.-A. organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS – sequence: 12 givenname: H. Elding surname: Larsson fullname: Larsson, H. Elding organization: Lund University/CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Contributor | Hellenberg, L Tollig, H Samuelsson, B -O Nilsson, N Neiderud, J Aman, J Ljungcrantz, M Fureman, A -L Delli, A J Arvidsson, C G Ivarsson, S -A Wramner, N Hanas, R Stenberg, A Brännstrom, A Olivecrona, A Torbjörnsdotter, T Swenne, I Larsson, H Elding Samuelsson, U Blomgren, M Snellman, K Lindblad, B Jönsson, B Lundstrom, G Gundewall, C Lundberg, E Kockum, I Larsson, K Stjernstedt, B Hagg, T Carlsson, A Gadd, T Bjorsell, B Forsander, G Marcus, C Forssberg, M Akesson, K Skogsberg, L Nilsson, A Enander, R Nordwall, M Ortqvist, E Florell, R Hemmingsson, K Thaström, A Edvardsson, S |
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| Copyright | Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 2014 INIST-CNRS |
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| Keywords | Thyroid peroxidase antibodies Thyroglobulin antibodies Type 1 diabetes Diabetes mellitus IA-2 autoantibodies Autoimmune thyroid diseases HLA genotype Insulin autoantibodies ZnT8 autoantibodies GAD65 autoantibodies Endocrinopathy Autoimmunity HLA-System Pancreatic hormone Endocrine gland Autoimmune disease Thyroid gland Peroxidase Child Human Immunopathology Enzyme Antibody Thyroid diseases Autoantibody Genotype Insulin Peroxidases Thyroglobulin Adolescent Thyroid hormone Oxidoreductases |
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| PublicationSubtitle | Clinical and Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism |
| PublicationTitle | Diabetologia |
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The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid... The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase... Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against... AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Autoantibodies - immunology Autoimmune thyroid diseases Autoimmunity - genetics Autoimmunity - immunology Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Clinical Medicine Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinology and Diabetes Endocrinopathies Endokrinologi och diabetes Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female GAD65 autoantibodies Genotype Genotype & phenotype Haplotypes HLA genotype HLA-DQ Antigens - immunology Hospitals Human Physiology Humans IA-2 autoantibodies Infant Insulin Insulin autoantibodies Internal Medicine Investigations Klinisk medicin Male Medical and Health Sciences Medical sciences MEDICIN Medicin och hälsovetenskap MEDICINE Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms Pediatrics Proteins Teenagers Thyroglobulin antibodies Thyroid diseases Thyroid Gland - immunology Thyroid peroxidase antibodies Thyroid. Thyroid axis (diseases) Type 1 diabetes ZnT8 autoantibodies |
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| Title | Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents |
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