Sustaining Small Scale Farming: Evidence of Poverty and income Disparity among Rural Farming Households in South-South Region of Nigeria
The incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To hel...
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| Vydané v: | Traektorii͡a︡ nauki : mezhdunarodnyĭ ėlektronnyĭ nauchnyĭ zhurnal Ročník 2; číslo 9; s. 9 - 23 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Altezoro, s. r. o. Dialog
2016
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| ISSN: | 2413-9009, 2413-9009 |
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| Abstract | The incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policy variables to help tackle this rampaging issue in the South- south region of Nigeria, this study specifically analyzes poverty and income inequality as well as identified determinants of poverty among rural farm households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 390 rural farm household heads spread across the rural areas of the State. Combination of sampling methods was employed to sample cross sectional data from respondents. The study used descriptive tools and regression analysis (Tobit regressions) to analyze information collected. The socio-economic analysis reveals that, most farming household heads were male; an average of 12.3 years of formal was discovered; social capital formation was poor, while average age stood at 42.5 years. About 33.08 % of male headed households and 22.05 % of female headed households live below poverty line in the study area. Income inequality index revealed 0.4210 for male headed households and 0.4531 for female counterpart. The Tobit model estimates revealed that, household head farming experience, years in social organization, level of formal education, farm and non-farm income were negative drivers of rural poverty in the region. Household’s age, household size, structure of land ownership and gender were positive drivers of poverty among rural farming households. It is recommended that sound family welfare packages should be implemented in the rural communities. Also, social capital formation should be promoted among rural farming households, while adult education policies should be re-visited. Government of the region should also improve educational facilities in the rural areas and make marginal lands available to less privileged farmers. |
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| AbstractList | The incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policy variables to help tackle this rampaging issue in the South- south region of Nigeria, this study specifically analyzes poverty and income inequality as well as identified determinants of poverty among rural farm households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 390 rural farm household heads spread across the rural areas of the State. Combination of sampling methods was employed to sample cross sectional data from respondents. The study used descriptive tools and regression analysis (Tobit regressions) to analyze information collected. The socio-economic analysis reveals that, most farming household heads were male; an average of 12.3 years of formal was discovered; social capital formation was poor, while average age stood at 42.5 years. About 33.08 % of male headed households and 22.05 % of female headed households live below poverty line in the study area. Income inequality index revealed 0.4210 for male headed households and 0.4531 for female counterpart. The Tobit model estimates revealed that, household head farming experience, years in social organization, level of formal education, farm and non-farm income were negative drivers of rural poverty in the region. Household’s age, household size, structure of land ownership and gender were positive drivers of poverty among rural farming households. It is recommended that sound family welfare packages should be implemented in the rural communities. Also, social capital formation should be promoted among rural farming households, while adult education policies should be re-visited. Government of the region should also improve educational facilities in the rural areas and make marginal lands available to less privileged farmers. The incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policThe incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policy variables to help tackle this rampaging issue in the South- south region of Nigeria, this study specifically analyzes poverty and income inequality as well as identified determinants of poverty among rural farm households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 390 rural farm household heads spread across the rural areas of the State. Combination of sampling methods was employed to sample cross sectional data from respondents. The study used descriptive tools and regression analysis (Tobit regressions) to analyze information collected. The socio-economic analysis reveals that, most farming household heads were male; an average of 12.3 years of formal was discovered; social capital formation was poor, while average age stood at 42.5 years. About 33.08 % of male headed households and 22.05 % of female headed households live below poverty line in the study area. Income inequality index revealed 0.4210 for male headed households and 0.4531 for female counterpart. The Tobit model estimates revealed that, household head farming experience, years in social organization, level of formal education, farm and non-farm income were negative drivers of rural poverty in the region. Household’s age, household size, structure of land ownership and gender were positive drivers of poverty among rural farming households. It is recommended that sound family welfare packages should be implemented in the rural communities. Also, social capital formation should be promoted among rural farming households, while adult education policies should be re-visited. Government of the region should also improve educational facilities in the rural areas and make marginal lands available to less privileged farmers. Случаи бедности наблюдаются среди сельских фермерских хозяйств в развивающихся странах. В результате сохраняющегося состояния бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств отмечается внезапный всплеск диверсификации средств существования и миграция из сельских районов в города, что приводит к высокому уровню безработицы в городах. Для того, чтобы помочь создать подходящие мобильные решения для содействия решению этой проблемы, актуальной для Юго-южном регионе Нигерии, в рамках настоящего исследования выполнен анализ бедности и неравенства в доходах. Были также выявлены детерминанты бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств в Akwa Ibom State, Нигерия. Данные были получены от 390 глав сельских фермерских хозяйств, размещенных в сельской местности штата. При формировании выборки были использованы перекрестные данные. В исследовании использованы описательный метод и метод регрессионного анализа (тобит регрессий) для анализа собранной информации. Социально-экономический анализ показывает, что руководителями большинства фермерских хозяйств были лица мужского пола; стаж руководства – 12,3 лет; формирование социального капитала было недостаточным, несмотря на то, что средний возраст составил 42.5 года. Около 33,08 % семей, возглавляемых мужчинами и 22,05 % семей, возглавляемых женщинами, живут ниже черты бедности в исследуемой области. Индекс неравенства доходов составил 0.4210 для фермерских хозяйств с мужчиной во главе и 0.4531 для аналогичных хозяйств, возглавляемых женщинами. Оценки Тобит модели показали, что опыт главы сельского хозяйства, опыт работы в общественной организации, уровень формального образования, доходов фермы и доходов в несельскохозяйственном секторе являются отрицательные факторами, содействующими сельской бедности в регионе. Возраст фермерского хозяйства, размер хозяйства, структура собственности на землю и пол главы хозяйства были положительными факторами бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств. Рекомендуется, применение пакетов социального обеспечения семьи в сельских общинах. Кроме того, следует поощрять формирование социального капитала среди сельских фермерских хозяйств, при условии, что политика образования для взрослых должна быть пересмотрена. Правительству региона следует также улучшить образовательные учреждения в сельской местности и сделать marginal земли доступными для менее привилегированных фермеров. |
| Author | Patrick, Inimfon Akpan, Sunday Udoh, Edet |
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| Title | Sustaining Small Scale Farming: Evidence of Poverty and income Disparity among Rural Farming Households in South-South Region of Nigeria |
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