Seasonality affects dietary diversity of school-age children in northern Ghana

Dietary diversity score (DDS) is relatively easy to measure and is shown to be a very useful indicator of the probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Dietary diversity, however, is usually assessed during a single period and little is known about the effect of seasonality on it. This study inv...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 8; s. e0183206
Hlavní autori:	Abizari, Abdul-Razak, Azupogo, Fusta, Nagasu, Miwako, Creemers, Noortje, Brouwer, Inge D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 14.08.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Adequacy Afdeling Humane voeding Age Agricultural production Animal-based foods Annual variations Bioavailability Biology and Life Sciences Cereals Chair Nutrition and Health over the Lifecourse Child Children Cross sections Diet Dietary intake Dry season Earth Sciences Elementary school students Epidemiology Family Characteristics Female Food Food and nutrition Food consumption Food groups Food habits Food plants Food sources Fruit Fruits Fruits (Food) Ghana Global Nutrition Harvest Health aspects HNE Nutrition and Health over the Lifecourse HNE Voeding en Gezondheid in de Levenscyclus Households Human Nutrition Human Nutrition & Health Human Nutrition (HNE) Humane Voeding Humane Voeding & Gezondheid Humans Iron Legumes Linear programming Low income groups Male Medicine and Health Sciences Nutrition research Nutritional aspects People and Places Physical Sciences Population studies Preschool children Rainy season Rural areas Schools Seasonal variations Seasons Sociodemographics Studies Vegetables Vitamin A VLAG Wereldvoeding Ghana Burkina Faso
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Dietary diversity score (DDS) is relatively easy to measure and is shown to be a very useful indicator of the probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Dietary diversity, however, is usually assessed during a single period and little is known about the effect of seasonality on it. This study investigates whether dietary diversity is influenced by seasonality. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two different seasons-dry season (October 2010) and rainy season (May 2011) among the same school-age children (SAC) in two rural schools in northern Ghana. The study population consisted of 228 school-age children. A qualitative 24-hour dietary recall was conducted in both seasons. Based on 13 food groups, a score of 1 was given if a child consumed a food item belonging to a particular food group, else 0. Individual scores were aggregated into DDS for each child. Differences in mean DDS between seasons were compared using linear mixed model analysis. The dietary pattern of the SAC was commonly plant foods with poor consumption of animal source foods. The mean DDS was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the rainy season (6.95 ± 0.55) compared to the dry season (6.44 ± 0.55) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, occupation (household head and mother) and education of household head. The difference in mean DDS between dry and rainy seasons was mainly due to the difference in the consumption of Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables between the seasons. While vitamin A-rich fruits (64.0% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.0001) and vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables (52.6% vs. 23.3%, P < .0001) were consumed more during the rainy season than the dry season, more children consumed vitamin A-rich deep yellow, orange and red vegetables during the dry season than during the rainy season (73.7% vs. 36.4%, P <0.001). Seasonality has an effect on DDS and may affect the quality of dietary intake of SAC; in such a context, it would be useful to measure DDS in different seasons. Since DDS is a proxy indicator of micronutrient intake, the difference in DDS may reflect in seasonal differences in dietary adequacy and further studies are needed to establish this.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0183206