The role of long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function and neurological disease

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with low protein-coding potential that represent a large proportion of the transcriptional output of the cell. Many lncRNAs exhibit features indicative of functionality including tissue-restricted expression, localization to distinct subcellular structu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Vol. 369; no. 1652
Main Authors: Roberts, Thomas C, Morris, Kevin V, Wood, Matthew J A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 26.09.2014
Subjects:
Brain - metabolism
Brain - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Humans
Nervous System - growth & development
Nervous System Diseases - genetics
Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding - physiology
neurodegeneration
long non-coding RNA
neurodevelopment
brain
epigenetics
ISSN:1471-2970, 1471-2970
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with low protein-coding potential that represent a large proportion of the transcriptional output of the cell. Many lncRNAs exhibit features indicative of functionality including tissue-restricted expression, localization to distinct subcellular structures, regulated expression and evolutionary conservation. Some lncRNAs have been shown to associate with chromatin-modifying activities and transcription factors, suggesting that a common mode of action may be to guide protein complexes to target genomic loci. However, the functions (if any) of the vast majority of lncRNA transcripts are currently unknown, and the subject of investigation. Here, we consider the putative role(s) of lncRNAs in neurodevelopment and brain function with an emphasis on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Associations of lncRNAs with neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration and brain cancers are also discussed.
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ISSN:1471-2970
1471-2970
DOI:10.1098/rstb.2013.0507