Characterization of the immunophenotypes and antigenomes of colorectal cancers reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms and novel targets for immunotherapy

Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a str...

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Vydané v:Genome Biology Ročník 16; číslo 1; s. 64
Hlavní autori: Angelova, Mihaela, Charoentong, Pornpimol, Hackl, Hubert, Fischer, Maria L, Snajder, Rene, Krogsdam, Anne M, Waldner, Maximilian J, Bindea, Gabriela, Mlecnik, Bernhard, Galon, Jerome, Trajanoski, Zlatko
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London BioMed Central 31.03.2015
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:1465-6906, 1474-7596, 1474-760X, 1465-6906, 1474-760X, 1465-6914
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Abstract Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer. Results We apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model. Conclusions The immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.
AbstractList Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer. Results We apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model. Conclusions The immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.
While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer.BACKGROUNDWhile large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer.We apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model.RESULTSWe apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model.The immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.CONCLUSIONSThe immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.
While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer. We apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model. The immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.
Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been devoted to either define the antigenicity of these mutations or to characterize the immune responses they elicit. Here we present a strategy to characterize the immunophenotypes and the antigen-ome of human colorectal cancer. Results We apply our strategy to a large colorectal cancer cohort (n = 598) and show that subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes. The characterization of the antigenome shows that a large number of cancer-germline antigens are expressed in all patients. In contrast, neo-antigens are rarely shared between patients, indicating that cancer vaccination requires individualized strategy. Analysis of the genetic basis of the tumors reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms for the patient subgroups. Hypermutated tumors are depleted of immunosuppressive cells and show upregulation of immunoinhibitory molecules. Non-hypermutated tumors are enriched with immunosuppressive cells, and the expression of immunoinhibitors and MHC molecules is downregulated. Reconstruction of the interaction network of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory molecules followed by a validation with 11 independent cohorts (n = 1,945) identifies BCMA as a novel druggable target. Finally, linear regression modeling identifies major determinants of tumor immunogenicity, which include well-characterized modulators as well as a novel candidate, CCR8, which is then tested in an orthologous immunodeficient mouse model. Conclusions The immunophenotypes of the tumors and the cancer antigenome remain widely unexplored, and our findings represent a step toward the development of personalized cancer immunotherapies.
ArticleNumber 64
Author Charoentong, Pornpimol
Fischer, Maria L
Hackl, Hubert
Snajder, Rene
Krogsdam, Anne M
Angelova, Mihaela
Bindea, Gabriela
Waldner, Maximilian J
Galon, Jerome
Trajanoski, Zlatko
Mlecnik, Bernhard
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mihaela
  surname: Angelova
  fullname: Angelova, Mihaela
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
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  givenname: Pornpimol
  surname: Charoentong
  fullname: Charoentong, Pornpimol
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Hubert
  surname: Hackl
  fullname: Hackl, Hubert
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Maria L
  surname: Fischer
  fullname: Fischer, Maria L
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
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  givenname: Rene
  surname: Snajder
  fullname: Snajder, Rene
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
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  surname: Krogsdam
  fullname: Krogsdam, Anne M
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
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  givenname: Maximilian J
  surname: Waldner
  fullname: Waldner, Maximilian J
  organization: Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Gabriela
  surname: Bindea
  fullname: Bindea, Gabriela
  organization: INSERM U872, Integrative Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Bernhard
  surname: Mlecnik
  fullname: Mlecnik, Bernhard
  organization: INSERM U872, Integrative Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Jerome
  surname: Galon
  fullname: Galon, Jerome
  organization: INSERM U872, Integrative Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Zlatko
  surname: Trajanoski
  fullname: Trajanoski, Zlatko
  email: zlatko.trajanoski@i-med.ac.at
  organization: Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25853550$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Immune Cell Type
Cancer Vaccination
Molecular Phenotype
Immunosuppressive Cell
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class
Language English
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Snippet Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has...
While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has been...
Background While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention has...
BACKGROUND: While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention...
Background: While large-scale cancer genomic projects are comprehensively characterizing the mutational spectrum of various cancers, so far little attention...
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SubjectTerms Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
Antigenicity
Antigens
Antigens, Neoplasm - genetics
Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology
Bioinformatics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer Vaccines - immunology
Cancer Vaccines - therapeutic use
CCR8 protein
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
colorectal neoplasms
Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Colorectal Neoplasms - therapy
Evolutionary Biology
Gene expression
Genetic analysis
genome
Genomes
Genomics
Genotype & phenotype
Human Genetics
Human health and pathology
Humans
Immune response
Immunodeficiency
Immunogenicity
Immunomodulation
Immunophenotyping
immunosuppression
Immunotherapy
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - immunology
Major histocompatibility complex
Medical prognosis
Mice
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Patients
Peptides
Phenotypes
Plant Genetics and Genomics
regression analysis
Studies
T cell receptors
Tumor Escape - genetics
Tumor Escape - immunology
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumors
Vaccination
Vaccines
Title Characterization of the immunophenotypes and antigenomes of colorectal cancers reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms and novel targets for immunotherapy
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13059-015-0620-6
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4377852
Volume 16
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