Dietary zinc alters the microbiota and decreases resistance to Clostridium difficile infection

Dietary zinc supplements are in common use, but their effect on infection is unclear. New findings now show that excess dietary zinc reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice to Clostridium difficile infection. Clostridium difficile is th...

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Vydáno v:	Nature medicine Ročník 22; číslo 11; s. 1330 - 1334
Hlavní autoři:	Zackular, Joseph P, Moore, Jessica L, Jordan, Ashley T, Juttukonda, Lillian J, Noto, Michael J, Nicholson, Maribeth R, Crews, Jonathan D, Semler, Matthew W, Zhang, Yaofang, Ware, Lorraine B, Washington, M Kay, Chazin, Walter J, Caprioli, Richard M, Skaar, Eric P
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2016 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	101/58 631/326/2565/2134 631/326/2565/855 631/326/421 64/60 692/308/575 692/499 Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotics Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Toxins Biomedicine Calgranulin B - genetics Calgranulin B - metabolism Cancer Research Cecum - pathology Child Clostridioides difficile Clostridium difficile Clostridium infections Clostridium Infections - metabolism Clostridium Infections - microbiology Clostridium Infections - pathology Cohort Studies Colon Colon - pathology Cytokines - metabolism Development and progression Diet Disease Models, Animal Disease Susceptibility Enterotoxins Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics Health aspects Humans Immune response Infections Infectious Diseases letter Male Mass Spectrometry Metabolic Diseases Mice Mice, Knockout Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Middle Aged Molecular Medicine Neurosciences Nosocomial infection Nutrients Pathogens Pediatrics Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies Public health Risk factors RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Scientific imaging Toxins Trace Elements - pharmacology Young Adult Zinc Zinc (Nutrient) Zinc - pharmacology United States > US Tennessee Nashville Tennessee
ISSN:	1078-8956, 1546-170X, 1546-170X
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Shrnutí:	Dietary zinc supplements are in common use, but their effect on infection is unclear. New findings now show that excess dietary zinc reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice to Clostridium difficile infection. Clostridium difficile is the most commonly reported nosocomial pathogen in the United States and is an urgent public health concern worldwide 1 . Over the past decade, incidence, severity and costs associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) have increased dramatically 2 . CDI is most commonly initiated by antibiotic-mediated disruption of the gut microbiota; however, non-antibiotic-associated CDI cases are well documented and on the rise 3 , 4 . This suggests that unexplored environmental, nutrient and host factors probably influence CDI. Here we show that excess dietary zinc (Zn) substantially alters the gut microbiota and, in turn, reduces the minimum amount of antibiotics needed to confer susceptibility to CDI. In mice colonized with C. difficile , excess dietary Zn severely exacerbated C. difficile– associated disease by increasing toxin activity and altering the host immune response. In addition, we show that the Zn-binding S100 protein calprotectin has antimicrobial effects against C. difficile and is an essential component of the innate immune response to CDI. Taken together, these data suggest that nutrient Zn levels have a key role in determining susceptibility to CDI and severity of disease, and that calprotectin-mediated metal limitation is an important factor in the host immune response to C. difficile .
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1078-8956 1546-170X 1546-170X
DOI:	10.1038/nm.4174