myofibroblast, a key cell in normal and pathological tissue repair

Myofibroblasts are characterized by their expression of α-smooth muscle actin, their enhanced contractility when compared to normal fibroblasts and their increased synthetic activity of extracellular matrix proteins. Myofibroblasts play an important role in normal tissue repair processes, particular...

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Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Vol. 73; no. 6; pp. 1145 - 1157
Main Authors: Darby, Ian A, Zakuan, Noraina, Billet, Fabrice, Desmoulière, Alexis
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.03.2016
Springer Nature B.V
Springer Verlag
Subjects:
Actin
Animals
Apoptosis
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cell Biology
Cellular biology
Cicatrix - metabolism
Cicatrix - pathology
Extracellular matrix
fibroblasts
Fibrosis
Humans
kidneys
Life Sciences
liver
Muscle contraction
muscles
Myofibroblasts - cytology
Myofibroblasts - metabolism
Myofibroblasts - pathology
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
Pathology
Protein expression
Review
Smooth muscle
tissue repair
Wound Healing
Innervation
Contractility
Excessive scarring
Fibrosis
Extracellular matrix
Cancer stroma
α-Smooth muscle actin
alpha-Smooth muscle actin
ISSN:1420-682X, 1420-9071, 1420-9071
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Myofibroblasts are characterized by their expression of α-smooth muscle actin, their enhanced contractility when compared to normal fibroblasts and their increased synthetic activity of extracellular matrix proteins. Myofibroblasts play an important role in normal tissue repair processes, particularly in the skin where they were first described. During normal tissue repair, they appear transiently and are then lost via apoptosis. However, the chronic presence and continued activity of myofibroblasts characterize many fibrotic pathologies, in the skin and internal organs including the liver, kidney and lung. More recently, it has become clear that myofibroblasts also play a role in many types of cancer as stromal or cancer-associated myofibroblast. The fact that myofibroblasts are now known to be key players in many pathologies makes understanding their functions, origin and the regulation of their differentiation important to enable them to be regulated in normal physiology and targeted in fibrosis, scarring and cancer.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2110-0
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ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-2110-0