A growing plastic smog, now estimated to be over 170 trillion plastic particles afloat in the world’s oceans—Urgent solutions required
As global awareness, science, and policy interventions for plastic escalate, institutions around the world are seeking preventative strategies. Central to this is the need for precise global time series of plastic pollution with which we can assess whether implemented policies are effective, but at...
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| Published in: | PloS one Vol. 18; no. 3; p. e0281596 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Public Library of Science
08.03.2023
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | As global awareness, science, and policy interventions for plastic escalate, institutions around the world are seeking preventative strategies. Central to this is the need for precise global time series of plastic pollution with which we can assess whether implemented policies are effective, but at present we lack these data. To address this need, we used previously published and new data on floating ocean plastics (n = 11,777 stations) to create a global time-series that estimates the average counts and mass of small plastics in the ocean surface layer from 1979 to 2019. Today’s global abundance is estimated at approximately 82–358 trillion plastic particles weighing 1.1–4.9 million tonnes. We observed no clear detectable trend until 1990, a fluctuating but stagnant trend from then until 2005, and a rapid increase until the present. This observed acceleration of plastic densities in the world’s oceans, also reported for beaches around the globe, demands urgent international policy interventions. |
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| AbstractList | As global awareness, science, and policy interventions for plastic escalate, institutions around the world are seeking preventative strategies. Central to this is the need for precise global time series of plastic pollution with which we can assess whether implemented policies are effective, but at present we lack these data. To address this need, we used previously published and new data on floating ocean plastics (n = 11,777 stations) to create a global time-series that estimates the average counts and mass of small plastics in the ocean surface layer from 1979 to 2019. Today's global abundance is estimated at approximately 82-358 trillion plastic particles weighing 1.1-4.9 million tonnes. We observed no clear detectable trend until 1990, a fluctuating but stagnant trend from then until 2005, and a rapid increase until the present. This observed acceleration of plastic densities in the world's oceans, also reported for beaches around the globe, demands urgent international policy interventions.As global awareness, science, and policy interventions for plastic escalate, institutions around the world are seeking preventative strategies. Central to this is the need for precise global time series of plastic pollution with which we can assess whether implemented policies are effective, but at present we lack these data. To address this need, we used previously published and new data on floating ocean plastics (n = 11,777 stations) to create a global time-series that estimates the average counts and mass of small plastics in the ocean surface layer from 1979 to 2019. Today's global abundance is estimated at approximately 82-358 trillion plastic particles weighing 1.1-4.9 million tonnes. We observed no clear detectable trend until 1990, a fluctuating but stagnant trend from then until 2005, and a rapid increase until the present. This observed acceleration of plastic densities in the world's oceans, also reported for beaches around the globe, demands urgent international policy interventions. As global awareness, science, and policy interventions for plastic escalate, institutions around the world are seeking preventative strategies. Central to this is the need for precise global time series of plastic pollution with which we can assess whether implemented policies are effective, but at present we lack these data. To address this need, we used previously published and new data on floating ocean plastics (n = 11,777 stations) to create a global time-series that estimates the average counts and mass of small plastics in the ocean surface layer from 1979 to 2019. Today’s global abundance is estimated at approximately 82–358 trillion plastic particles weighing 1.1–4.9 million tonnes. We observed no clear detectable trend until 1990, a fluctuating but stagnant trend from then until 2005, and a rapid increase until the present. This observed acceleration of plastic densities in the world’s oceans, also reported for beaches around the globe, demands urgent international policy interventions. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Thiel, Martin Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia Erdle, Lisa M. Cowger, Win Eriksen, Marcus Day, Robert H. Wilcox, Chris Coffin, Scott Carpenter, Edward J. Moore, Charles J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | The University of Auckland - City Campus: University of Auckland, NEW ZEALAND 6 Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America 9 Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile 10 Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile 12 Minderoo Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 2 University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America 11 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile 1 5 Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America 3 Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research, Long Beach, California, United States of America 7 EOS Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California, United States of America 4 California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, United States of America 5 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 8 ABR, Inc.--Env |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden – name: 4 California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, United States of America – name: 7 EOS Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California, United States of America – name: 6 Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America – name: 10 Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile – name: 3 Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research, Long Beach, California, United States of America – name: The University of Auckland - City Campus: University of Auckland, NEW ZEALAND – name: 9 Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile – name: 8 ABR, Inc.--Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America – name: 11 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile – name: 12 Minderoo Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia – name: 2 University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America – name: 1 5 Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marcus orcidid: 0000-0001-9453-5492 surname: Eriksen fullname: Eriksen, Marcus – sequence: 2 givenname: Win surname: Cowger fullname: Cowger, Win – sequence: 3 givenname: Lisa M. surname: Erdle fullname: Erdle, Lisa M. – sequence: 4 givenname: Scott surname: Coffin fullname: Coffin, Scott – sequence: 5 givenname: Patricia surname: Villarrubia-Gómez fullname: Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia – sequence: 6 givenname: Charles J. surname: Moore fullname: Moore, Charles J. – sequence: 7 givenname: Edward J. surname: Carpenter fullname: Carpenter, Edward J. – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert H. surname: Day fullname: Day, Robert H. – sequence: 9 givenname: Martin surname: Thiel fullname: Thiel, Martin – sequence: 10 givenname: Chris surname: Wilcox fullname: Wilcox, Chris |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36888681$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-216901$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Stockholms universitet) |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright: © 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2023 Eriksen et al 2023 Eriksen et al 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright: © 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science – notice: 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2023 Eriksen et al 2023 Eriksen et al – notice: 2023 Eriksen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| Title | A growing plastic smog, now estimated to be over 170 trillion plastic particles afloat in the world’s oceans—Urgent solutions required |
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