RNA-directed DNA Methylation

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences. The RdDM pathway is unique to plants, although other mechanisms of RNA-directed chromatin modification have also been described in fungi and...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	PLoS genetics Ročník 16; číslo 10; s. e1009034
Hlavní autori:	Erdmann, Robert M., Picard, Colette L.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 08.10.2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Abiotic stress Angiosperms Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis thaliana Argonaute Proteins - genetics Biology and life sciences Chromatin Chromatin - genetics Defective mutant Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation DNA Methylation - genetics DNA Transposable Elements - genetics DNA-directed RNA polymerase Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetics Ferns Flowering Flowers & plants Fungi Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Gene silencing Genetic aspects Genomes Genomic instability Genomic Instability - genetics Genotype & phenotype Gymnosperms Heterochromatin - genetics Lethality Magnoliopsida - genetics Methylation Non-coding RNA Nucleotide sequence Observations Pathogens Phenotypes Physiological aspects Research and Analysis Methods RNA RNA - genetics RNA modification RNA polymerase RNA, Double-Stranded - genetics RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - genetics RNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA-mediated interference Stress, Physiological - genetics Topic Page Transposons United States
ISSN:	1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Popis
Shrnutí:	RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences. The RdDM pathway is unique to plants, although other mechanisms of RNA-directed chromatin modification have also been described in fungi and animals. To date, the RdDM pathway is best characterized within angiosperms (flowering plants), and particularly within the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, conserved RdDM pathway components and associated small RNAs (sRNAs) have also been found in other groups of plants, such as gymnosperms and ferns. The RdDM pathway closely resembles other sRNA pathways, particularly the highly conserved RNAi pathway found in fungi, plants, and animals. Both the RdDM and RNAi pathways produce sRNAs and involve conserved Argonaute, Dicer and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins. RdDM has been implicated in a number of regulatory processes in plants. The DNA methylation added by RdDM is generally associated with transcriptional repression of the genetic sequences targeted by the pathway. Since DNA methylation patterns in plants are heritable, these changes can often be stably transmitted to progeny. As a result, one prominent role of RdDM is the stable, transgenerational suppression of transposable element (TE) activity. RdDM has also been linked to pathogen defense, abiotic stress responses, and the regulation of several key developmental transitions. Although the RdDM pathway has a number of important functions, RdDM-defective mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana are viable and can reproduce, which has enabled detailed genetic studies of the pathway. However, RdDM mutants can have a range of defects in different plant species, including lethality, altered reproductive phenotypes, TE upregulation and genome instability, and increased pathogen sensitivity. Overall, RdDM is an important pathway in plants that regulates a number of processes by establishing and reinforcing specific DNA methylation patterns, which can lead to transgenerational epigenetic effects on gene expression and phenotype.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1553-7404 1553-7390 1553-7404
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgen.1009034