Initiation of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication and replication fork dynamics: a review in the Virology Journal series on bacteriophage T4 and its relatives

Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction. As the infecti...

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Veröffentlicht in:Virology journal Jg. 7; H. 1; S. 358
Hauptverfasser: Kreuzer, Kenneth N, Brister, J Rodney
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London BioMed Central 03.12.2010
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Schlagworte:
Bacteriophage T4 - enzymology
Bacteriophage T4 - physiology
Bacteriophage T4 and its relatives (A series of critical reviews)
Bacteriophages
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA repair
DNA Replication
DNA, Viral - metabolism
Genetic aspects
genome
Genomes
genomics
Health aspects
Mitochondrial DNA
Models, Biological
Plasmids
Proteins
Recombination, Genetic
Replication fork
Replication Origin
Review
RNA
Studies
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Virology
Virus Replication
United States
Phage Genome
Replicative Helicase
Replication Fork
Fork Regression
Strand Switching
ISSN:1743-422X, 1743-422X
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Zusammenfassung:Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction. As the infection progresses, replication initiation becomes dependent on recombination proteins in a process called recombination-dependent replication (RDR). RDR occurs when the replication machinery is assembled onto D-loop recombination intermediates, and in this case, the invading 3' DNA end is used as a primer for leading strand synthesis. Over the last 15 years, these two modes of T4 DNA replication initiation have been studied in vivo using a variety of approaches, including replication of plasmids with segments of the T4 genome, analysis of replication intermediates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and genomic approaches that measure DNA copy number as the infection progresses. In addition, biochemical approaches have reconstituted replication from origin R-loop structures and have clarified some detailed roles of both replication and recombination proteins in the process of RDR and related pathways. We will also discuss the parallels between T4 DNA replication modes and similar events in cellular and eukaryotic organelle DNA replication, and close with some current questions of interest concerning the mechanisms of replication, recombination and repair in phage T4.
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ISSN:1743-422X
1743-422X
DOI:10.1186/1743-422X-7-358