Distribution of cone density, spacing and arrangement in adult healthy retinas with adaptive optics flood illumination

The aim of this article is to analyse cone density, spacing and arrangement using an adaptive optics flood illumination retina camera (rtx1™) on a healthy population. Cone density, cone spacing and packing arrangements were measured on the right retinas of 109 subjects at 2°, 3°, 4°, 5° and 6° of ec...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 13; číslo 1; s. e0191141
Hlavní autoři:	Legras, Richard, Gaudric, Alain, Woog, Kelly
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 16.01.2018 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Adaptive optics Age Biology and Life Sciences Cameras Cones Density Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Eccentricity Elongation Engineering and Technology Floods Health aspects Histology Horizontal cells Human health and pathology Illumination Life Sciences Macular degeneration Medicine and Health Sciences Optics Packaging People and Places Photoreceptors Physiological aspects Population density Retina Social Sciences France
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Shrnutí:	The aim of this article is to analyse cone density, spacing and arrangement using an adaptive optics flood illumination retina camera (rtx1™) on a healthy population. Cone density, cone spacing and packing arrangements were measured on the right retinas of 109 subjects at 2°, 3°, 4°, 5° and 6° of eccentricity along 4 meridians. The effects of eccentricity, meridian, axial length, spherical equivalent, gender and age were evaluated. Cone density decreased on average from 28 884 ± 3 692 cones/mm2, at 2° of eccentricity, to 15 843 ± 1 598 cones/mm2 at 6°. A strong inter-individual variation, especially at 2°, was observed. No important difference of cone density was observed between the nasal and temporal meridians or between the superior and inferior meridians. However, the horizontal and vertical meridians differed by around 14% (T-test, p<0.0001). Cone density, expressed in units of area, decreased as a function of axial length (r2 = 0.60), but remained constant (r2 = 0.05) when cone density is expressed in terms of visual angle supporting the hypothesis that the retina is stretched during the elongation of the eyeball. Gender did not modify the cone distribution. Cone density was slightly modified by age but only at 2°. The older group showed a smaller density (7%). Cone spacing increased from 6,49 ± 0,42 μm to 8,72 ± 0,45 μm respectively between 2° and 6° of eccentricity. The mosaic of the retina is mainly triangularly arranged (i.e. cells with 5 to 7 neighbors) from 2° to 6°. Around half of the cells had 6 neighbors.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: We received funds from Imagine Eyes (Orsay, France) to conduct the experiment described in this manuscript. The funds permitted to partially acquire the rtx1 device manufactured by Imagine Eyes. Imagine Eyes had no other role. They did not participate to the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; and/or decision to submit for publication. We claim that this does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0191141