Auricular Acupuncture for Exam Anxiety in Medical Students—A Randomized Crossover Investigation
Auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective in the treatment of preoperative anxiety. The aim was to investigate whether AA can reduce exam anxiety as compared to placebo and no intervention. Forty-four medical students were randomized to receive AA, placebo, or no intervention in a crossover manner and...
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| Vydáno v: | PloS one Ročník 11; číslo 12; s. e0168338 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
Public Library of Science
29.12.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
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| Abstract | Auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective in the treatment of preoperative anxiety. The aim was to investigate whether AA can reduce exam anxiety as compared to placebo and no intervention. Forty-four medical students were randomized to receive AA, placebo, or no intervention in a crossover manner and subsequently completed three comparable oral anatomy exams with an interval of 1 month between the exams/interventions. AA was applied using indwelling fixed needles bilaterally at points MA-IC1, MA-TF1, MA-SC, MA-AT1 and MA-TG one day prior to each exam. Placebo needles were used as control. Levels of anxiety were measured using a visual analogue scale before and after each intervention as well as before each exam. Additional measures included the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, duration of sleep at night, blood pressure, heart rate and the extent of participant blinding. All included participants finished the study. Anxiety levels were reduced after AA and placebo intervention compared to baseline and the no intervention condition (p < 0.003). AA was better at reducing anxiety than placebo in the evening before the exam (p = 0.018). Participants were able to distinguish between AA and placebo intervention. Both AA and placebo interventions reduced exam anxiety in medical students. The superiority of AA over placebo may be due to insufficient blinding of participants. |
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| AbstractList | Auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective in the treatment of preoperative anxiety. The aim was to investigate whether AA can reduce exam anxiety as compared to placebo and no intervention. Forty-four medical students were randomized to receive AA, placebo, or no intervention in a crossover manner and subsequently completed three comparable oral anatomy exams with an interval of 1 month between the exams/interventions. AA was applied using indwelling fixed needles bilaterally at points MA-IC1, MA-TF1, MA-SC, MA-AT1 and MA-TG one day prior to each exam. Placebo needles were used as control. Levels of anxiety were measured using a visual analogue scale before and after each intervention as well as before each exam. Additional measures included the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, duration of sleep at night, blood pressure, heart rate and the extent of participant blinding. All included participants finished the study. Anxiety levels were reduced after AA and placebo intervention compared to baseline and the no intervention condition (p < 0.003). AA was better at reducing anxiety than placebo in the evening before the exam (p = 0.018). Participants were able to distinguish between AA and placebo intervention. Both AA and placebo interventions reduced exam anxiety in medical students. The superiority of AA over placebo may be due to insufficient blinding of participants. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Hacker, Henriette Kohlmann, Thomas Usichenko, Taras Hesse, Thomas Endlich, Karlhans Hahnenkamp, Klaus Klausenitz, Catharina |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 3 Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 5 Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 4 Institute of Anatomy, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany National Natural Science Foundation of China, CHINA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – name: 5 Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada – name: 2 Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – name: 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – name: 4 Institute of Anatomy, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – name: National Natural Science Foundation of China, CHINA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Catharina surname: Klausenitz fullname: Klausenitz, Catharina – sequence: 2 givenname: Henriette surname: Hacker fullname: Hacker, Henriette – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas surname: Hesse fullname: Hesse, Thomas – sequence: 4 givenname: Thomas surname: Kohlmann fullname: Kohlmann, Thomas – sequence: 5 givenname: Karlhans surname: Endlich fullname: Endlich, Karlhans – sequence: 6 givenname: Klaus surname: Hahnenkamp fullname: Hahnenkamp, Klaus – sequence: 7 givenname: Taras surname: Usichenko fullname: Usichenko, Taras |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28033320$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science 2016 Klausenitz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2016 Klausenitz et al 2016 Klausenitz et al |
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| SubjectTerms | Acupuncture Acupuncture, Ear Adolescent Adult Anesthesia Anesthesiology Anxieties Anxiety Anxiety - therapy Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Care and treatment Comparative analysis Cross-Over Studies Demographic aspects Educational Measurement Female Heart rate Humans Hypodermic needles Intervention Investigations Male Medical students Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Needles Placebo Effect Psychological aspects Randomization Research and Analysis Methods Sleep Social Sciences Students Students, Medical - psychology University students Young Adult |
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| Title | Auricular Acupuncture for Exam Anxiety in Medical Students—A Randomized Crossover Investigation |
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| Volume | 11 |
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