Linking Ecology and Epidemiology to Understand Predictors of Multi-Host Responses to an Emerging Pathogen, the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

Variation in host responses to pathogens can have cascading effects on populations and communities when some individuals or groups of individuals display disproportionate vulnerability to infection or differ in their competence to transmit infection. The fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatid...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 1; s. e0167882
Hlavní autoři:	Gervasi, Stephanie S., Stephens, Patrick R., Hua, Jessica, Searle, Catherine L., Xie, Gisselle Yang, Urbina, Jenny, Olson, Deanna H., Bancroft, Betsy A., Weis, Virginia, Hammond, John I., Relyea, Rick A., Blaustein, Andrew R.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 17.01.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Amphibia Amphibians Amphibians - microbiology Analysis Animals Anura Aquatic habitats Batrachochytrium Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Bioinformatics Biology Biology and Life Sciences Body size Bufonidae Bufonidae - microbiology Chytridiomycota - pathogenicity Chytrids Climate change Communicable Diseases, Emerging - epidemiology Computer and Information Sciences Disease Disease susceptibility Ecological monitoring Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Eggs Environmental factors Environmental risk Epidemiology Evolution Frogs Fungi Generalized linear models Habitat utilization Habitats Host-Pathogen Interactions Hylidae Infections Life history Life span Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Mycoses - microbiology Pathogens People and Places Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physiological aspects Population decline Ranidae Ranidae - microbiology Risk Sexual maturity Spatial distribution Species Studies Toads
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Variation in host responses to pathogens can have cascading effects on populations and communities when some individuals or groups of individuals display disproportionate vulnerability to infection or differ in their competence to transmit infection. The fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been detected in almost 700 different amphibian species and is implicated in numerous global amphibian population declines. Identifying key hosts in the amphibian-Bd system-those who are at greatest risk or who pose the greatest risk for others-is challenging due in part to many extrinsic environmental factors driving spatiotemporal Bd distribution and context-dependent host responses to Bd in the wild. One way to improve predictive risk models and generate testable mechanistic hypotheses about vulnerability is to complement what we know about the spatial epidemiology of Bd with data collected through comparative experimental studies. We used standardized pathogen challenges to quantify amphibian survival and infection trajectories across 20 post-metamorphic North American species raised from eggs. We then incorporated trait-based models to investigate the predictive power of phylogenetic history, habitat use, and ecological and life history traits in explaining responses to Bd. True frogs (Ranidae) displayed the lowest infection intensities, whereas toads (Bufonidae) generally displayed the greatest levels of mortality after Bd exposure. Affiliation with ephemeral aquatic habitat and breadth of habitat use were strong predictors of vulnerability to and intensity of infection and several other traits including body size, lifespan, age at sexual maturity, and geographic range also appeared in top models explaining host responses to Bd. Several of the species examined are highly understudied with respect to Bd such that this study represents the first experimental susceptibility data. Combining insights gained from experimental studies with observations of landscape-level disease prevalence may help explain current and predict future pathogen dynamics in the Bd system.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceptualization: SSG JH CLS DHO JIH RAR ARB.Formal analysis: SSG PRS.Funding acquisition: RAR ARB SSG JIH DHO.Investigation: SSG JH CLS GYX JU JIH RAR ARB.Methodology: SSG PRS JH CLS GYX JU DHO BAB VW JIH RAR ARB.Project administration: SSG CLS JH JIH RAR ARB.Resources: VW RAR ARB.Supervision: SSG CLS ARB RAR JH JIH.Writing – original draft: SSG PRS JH CLS GYX JU DHO BAB JIH RAR ARB.Writing – review & editing: SSG PRS JH CLS GYX JU DHO BAB JIH RAR ARB. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0167882