Reef Sharks Exhibit Site-Fidelity and Higher Relative Abundance in Marine Reserves on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef

Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystem...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 7; číslo 3; s. e32983
Hlavní autoři:	Bond, Mark E., Babcock, Elizabeth A., Pikitch, Ellen K., Abercrombie, Debra L., Lamb, Norlan F., Chapman, Demian D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 08.03.2012 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Abundance Acoustic surveying Acoustics Adults Animals Atmospheric sciences Belize Biodiversity Biology Carcharhinus Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinus melanopterus Carcharhinus perezi Carcharhinus perezii Commercial fishing Conservation of Natural Resources Coral reef ecosystems Coral Reefs Ecological monitoring Ecosystem Environmental factors Environmental monitoring Exhibitions Fidelity Fish populations Fisheries Fishing Fishing (Recreation) Fishing zones Hypotheses Marine Marine biology Marine conservation Marine ecology Marine ecosystems Marine parks National parks Nature reserves Physiology Population Dynamics Predators Pressure Prey Protected areas Protection and preservation Relative abundance Remote monitoring Reserves Sharks Site fidelity Studies Underwater Underwater acoustics Belize Florida New York United States > US ASW, Belize AW, Atlantic ASW, Caribbean Sea ASW, Belize, Glovers Reef
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as "reef sharks", are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor "marine reserve" had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability.
AbstractList	Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as “reef sharks”, are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor “marine reserve” had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability. Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as "reef sharks", are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor "marine reserve" had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability.Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as "reef sharks", are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor "marine reserve" had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability.
Audience	Academic
Author	Abercrombie, Debra L. Bond, Mark E. Babcock, Elizabeth A. Chapman, Demian D. Pikitch, Ellen K. Lamb, Norlan F.
AuthorAffiliation	3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America 5 Absolondna, Dangriga, Belize 2 Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America 4 Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station, New York, United States of America 1 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station, New York, United States of America – name: 2 Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America – name: 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America – name: 1 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America – name: 5 Absolondna, Dangriga, Belize – name: Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mark E. surname: Bond fullname: Bond, Mark E. – sequence: 2 givenname: Elizabeth A. surname: Babcock fullname: Babcock, Elizabeth A. – sequence: 3 givenname: Ellen K. surname: Pikitch fullname: Pikitch, Ellen K. – sequence: 4 givenname: Debra L. surname: Abercrombie fullname: Abercrombie, Debra L. – sequence: 5 givenname: Norlan F. surname: Lamb fullname: Lamb, Norlan F. – sequence: 6 givenname: Demian D. surname: Chapman fullname: Chapman, Demian D.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412965$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science 2012 Bond et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Bond et al. 2012
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science – notice: 2012 Bond et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Bond et al. 2012
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DocumentTitleAlternate	Reef Shark Conservation within Marine Reserves
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: MEB EAB EKP DLA DDC. Performed the experiments: MEB EAB EKP DLA NFL DDC. Analyzed the data: MEB EAB DDC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EAB EKP DDC. Wrote the paper: MEB EAB EKP DLA NFL DDC.
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SubjectTerms	Abundance Acoustic surveying Acoustics Adults Animals Atmospheric sciences Belize Biodiversity Biology Carcharhinus Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinus melanopterus Carcharhinus perezi Carcharhinus perezii Commercial fishing Conservation of Natural Resources Coral reef ecosystems Coral Reefs Ecological monitoring Ecosystem Environmental factors Environmental monitoring Exhibitions Fidelity Fish populations Fisheries Fishing Fishing (Recreation) Fishing zones Hypotheses Marine Marine biology Marine conservation Marine ecology Marine ecosystems Marine parks National parks Nature reserves Physiology Population Dynamics Predators Pressure Prey Protected areas Protection and preservation Relative abundance Remote monitoring Reserves Sharks Site fidelity Studies Underwater Underwater acoustics
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Title	Reef Sharks Exhibit Site-Fidelity and Higher Relative Abundance in Marine Reserves on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
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