Macro-economic impact of large-scale deployment of biomass resources for energy and materials on a national level—A combined approach for the Netherlands

Biomass is considered one of the most important options in the transition to a sustainable energy system with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increased security of enegry supply. In order to facilitate this transition with targeted policies and implementation strategies, it is of vital im...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Energy policy Jg. 59; S. 727 - 744
Hauptverfasser:	Hoefnagels, Ric, Banse, Martin, Dornburg, Veronika, Faaij, André
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2013 Elsevier Elsevier Science Ltd
Schlagworte:	Air pollution Applied general equilibrium models Applied sciences balance Balance of trade Benefits Bio-based materials Bioenergy biofuel mandates Biomass Biomass energy Carbon emissions Carriers Computable general-equilibrium model costs Deployment Economic data Economic impact Economic theory Economics emissions Emissions control Employment Energy Energy development Energy economics Energy policy Energy sector ethanol europe Exact sciences and technology Fossil fuels Fossils General, economic and professional studies Greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gases Import substitution imports Indirect effects issues and policy land-use Macroeconomics Measurement Methodology. Modelling Natural energy Netherlands Power supply primary energy Projections renewable energy sources Risk Studies Sustainability Sustainable development Sustainable energy Technological change trade balance Value added Western Europe Netherlands Europe Computable general-equilibrium model Bioenergy Bio-based materials Script Power production Biomass Market penetration Trade Economic model Employment Economic impact General equilibrium model Medium term Added value Macroeconomic analysis
ISSN:	0301-4215, 1873-6777
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Zusammenfassung:	Biomass is considered one of the most important options in the transition to a sustainable energy system with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increased security of enegry supply. In order to facilitate this transition with targeted policies and implementation strategies, it is of vital importance to understand the economic benefits, uncertainties and risks of this transition. This article presents a quantification of the economic impacts on value added, employment shares and the trade balance as well as required biomass and avoided primary energy and greenhouse gases related to large scale biomass deployment on a country level (the Netherlands) for different future scenarios to 2030. This is done by using the macro-economic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model LEITAP, capable of quantifying direct and indirect effects of a bio-based economy combined with a spread sheet tool to address underlying technological details. Although the combined approach has limitations, the results of the projections show that substitution of fossil energy carriers by biomass, could have positive economic effects, as well as reducing GHG emissions and fossil energy requirement. Key factors to achieve these targets are enhanced technological development and the import of sustainable biomass resources to the Netherlands. •We analyse large scale production of bioenergy and biochemicals in the Netherlands.•The scenarios include up to 30% substitution of fossil fuels by biomass in 2030.•Resulting in strong greenhouse gas savings and positive macro-economic effects.•Large amounts of imported biomass are required to meet the domestic demand.•This requires high rates of technological change and strict sustainability criteria.
Bibliographie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.026 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0301-4215 1873-6777
DOI:	10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.026