Postepidemic Analysis of Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission in Northeastern Kenya: A Village Cohort Study

In endemic areas, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a significant threat to both human and animal health. Goals of this study were to measure human anti-RVFV seroprevalence in a high-risk area following the 2006-2007 Kenyan Rift Valley Fever (RVF) epidemic, to identify risk factors for interval sero...

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Vydané v:	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Ročník 5; číslo 8; s. e1265
Hlavní autori:	LaBeaud, A. Desirée, Muiruri, Samuel, Sutherland, Laura J., Dahir, Saidi, Gildengorin, Ginny, Morrill, John, Muchiri, Eric M., Peters, Clarence J., King, Charles H.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science (PLoS) 01.08.2011 Public Library of Science
Predmet:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Animal diseases Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Viral Antibodies, Viral - blood Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Confidence intervals Disease transmission Encephalitis Feeding Behavior Female Fever Health aspects Health risk assessment Households Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Kenya Kenya - epidemiology Livestock Logistics Male Medicine Middle Aged Milk Mosquitoes Neutralization Neutralization Tests Outbreaks Public aspects of medicine Public health RA1-1270 RC955-962 Research Article Rift Valley Fever Rift Valley Fever - epidemiology Rift Valley Fever - transmission Rift Valley fever virus Rift Valley fever virus - immunology Risk Factors Rural Population Seroepidemiologic Studies Studies Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases Young Adult Kenya Humans Middle Aged Child, Preschool Infant Male Neutralization Tests Seroepidemiologic Studies Young Adult Rural Population Adult Female Rift Valley Fever Child Infant, Newborn Milk Antibodies, Neutralizing Rift Valley fever virus Risk Factors Feeding Behavior Antibodies, Viral Kenya Aged, 80 & over Animals Adolescent Aged Cohort Studies
ISSN:	1935-2735, 1935-2727, 1935-2735
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Shrnutí:	In endemic areas, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a significant threat to both human and animal health. Goals of this study were to measure human anti-RVFV seroprevalence in a high-risk area following the 2006-2007 Kenyan Rift Valley Fever (RVF) epidemic, to identify risk factors for interval seroconversion, and to monitor individuals previously exposed to RVFV in order to document the persistence of their anti-RVFV antibodies. We conducted a village cohort study in Ijara District, Northeastern Province, Kenya. One hundred two individuals tested for RVFV exposure before the 2006-2007 RVF outbreak were restudied to determine interval anti-RVFV seroconversion and persistence of humoral immunity since 2006. Ninety-two additional subjects were enrolled from randomly selected households to help identify risk factors for current seropositivity. Overall, 44/194 or 23% (CI(95%):17%-29%) of local residents were RVFV seropositive. 1/85 at-risk individuals restudied in the follow-up cohort had seroconverted since early 2006. 27/92 (29%, CI(95%): 20%-39%) of newly tested individuals were seropositive. All 13 individuals with positive titers (by plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT₈₀) in 2006 remained positive in 2009. After adjustment in multivariable logistic models, age, village, and drinking raw milk were significantly associated with RVFV seropositivity. Visual impairment (defined as ≤ 20/80) was much more likely in the RVFV-seropositive group (P<0.0001). Our results highlight significant variability in RVFV exposure in two neighboring villages having very similar climate, terrain, and insect density. Among those with previous exposure, RVFV titers remained at > 1∶40 for more than 3 years. In concordance with previous studies, residents of the more rural village were more likely to be seropositive and RVFV seropositivity was associated with poor visual acuity. Raw milk consumption was strongly associated with RVFV exposure, which may represent an important new focus for public health education during future RVF outbreaks.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: ADL CHK. Performed the experiments: ADL SM LJS SD JM EMM CJP CHK. Analyzed the data: ADL GG LJS CHK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CJP JM. Wrote the paper: ADL LJS CHK.
ISSN:	1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pntd.0001265