Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries

A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The lancet respiratory medicine Jg. 2; H. 10; S. 823
Hauptverfasser:	Gordon, Stephen B, Bruce, Nigel G, Grigg, Jonathan, Hibberd, Patricia L, Kurmi, Om P, Lam, Kin-bong Hubert, Mortimer, Kevin, Asante, Kwaku Poku, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balmes, John, Bar-Zeev, Naor, Bates, Michael N, Breysse, Patrick N, Buist, Sonia, Chen, Zhengming, Havens, Deborah, Jack, Darby, Jindal, Surinder, Kan, Haidong, Mehta, Sumi, Moschovis, Peter, Naeher, Luke, Patel, Archana, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Pope, Daniel, Rylance, Jamie, Semple, Sean, Martin, 2nd, William J
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England 01.10.2014
Schlagworte:	Adult Air Pollution, Indoor - adverse effects Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Child Cooking Developing Countries Environmental Exposure Environmental Restoration and Remediation Female Housing Humans Income Male Respiratory Tract Diseases - etiology Respiratory Tract Neoplasms - etiology Risk Factors Social Conditions Socioeconomic Factors
ISSN:	2213-2619, 2213-2619
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Abstract	A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5-4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact.
AbstractList	A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5-4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact. A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5-4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact.A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5-4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact.
Author	Balakrishnan, Kalpana Breysse, Patrick N Martin, 2nd, William J Perez-Padilla, Rogelio Bruce, Nigel G Asante, Kwaku Poku Havens, Deborah Jindal, Surinder Moschovis, Peter Bates, Michael N Buist, Sonia Lam, Kin-bong Hubert Pope, Daniel Jack, Darby Bar-Zeev, Naor Mortimer, Kevin Kan, Haidong Kurmi, Om P Gordon, Stephen B Naeher, Luke Patel, Archana Hibberd, Patricia L Rylance, Jamie Grigg, Jonathan Mehta, Sumi Semple, Sean Balmes, John Chen, Zhengming
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Stephen B surname: Gordon fullname: Gordon, Stephen B email: stephen.gordon@lstmed.ac.uk organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address: stephen.gordon@lstmed.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Nigel G surname: Bruce fullname: Bruce, Nigel G organization: Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Jonathan surname: Grigg fullname: Grigg, Jonathan organization: Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Patricia L surname: Hibberd fullname: Hibberd, Patricia L organization: Division of Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Om P surname: Kurmi fullname: Kurmi, Om P organization: Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Kin-bong Hubert surname: Lam fullname: Lam, Kin-bong Hubert organization: Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Kevin surname: Mortimer fullname: Mortimer, Kevin organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: Kwaku Poku surname: Asante fullname: Asante, Kwaku Poku organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Kalpana surname: Balakrishnan fullname: Balakrishnan, Kalpana organization: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India – sequence: 10 givenname: John surname: Balmes fullname: Balmes, John organization: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Naor surname: Bar-Zeev fullname: Bar-Zeev, Naor organization: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 12 givenname: Michael N surname: Bates fullname: Bates, Michael N organization: Divisions of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Patrick N surname: Breysse fullname: Breysse, Patrick N organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 14 givenname: Sonia surname: Buist fullname: Buist, Sonia organization: Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Zhengming surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Zhengming organization: Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK – sequence: 16 givenname: Deborah surname: Havens fullname: Havens, Deborah organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 17 givenname: Darby surname: Jack fullname: Jack, Darby organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Surinder surname: Jindal fullname: Jindal, Surinder organization: Jindal Clinics, Chandigarh, India – sequence: 19 givenname: Haidong surname: Kan fullname: Kan, Haidong organization: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 20 givenname: Sumi surname: Mehta fullname: Mehta, Sumi organization: Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 21 givenname: Peter surname: Moschovis fullname: Moschovis, Peter organization: Division of Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 22 givenname: Luke surname: Naeher fullname: Naeher, Luke organization: The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, GA, USA – sequence: 23 givenname: Archana surname: Patel fullname: Patel, Archana organization: Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India – sequence: 24 givenname: Rogelio surname: Perez-Padilla fullname: Perez-Padilla, Rogelio organization: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico – sequence: 25 givenname: Daniel surname: Pope fullname: Pope, Daniel organization: Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 26 givenname: Jamie surname: Rylance fullname: Rylance, Jamie organization: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi – sequence: 27 givenname: Sean surname: Semple fullname: Semple, Sean organization: University of Aberdeen, Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Division of Applied Health Sciences, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK – sequence: 28 givenname: William J surname: Martin, 2nd fullname: Martin, 2nd, William J email: wjmartin@cph.osu.edu organization: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: wjmartin@cph.osu.edu
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193349$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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References	25193350 - Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Oct;2(10):781-3. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70183-3. 25193348 - Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Oct;2(10):781. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70178-X. 25593091 - Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Jan;3(1):e1-2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70288-7.
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Snippet	A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Air Pollution, Indoor - adverse effects Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Child Cooking Developing Countries Environmental Exposure Environmental Restoration and Remediation Female Housing Humans Income Male Respiratory Tract Diseases - etiology Respiratory Tract Neoplasms - etiology Risk Factors Social Conditions Socioeconomic Factors
Title	Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries
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