Reduced Density of Calbindin Immunoreactive GABAergic Neurons in the Occipital Cortex in Major Depression: Relevance to Neuroimaging Studies
Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction i...
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| Published in: | Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 67; no. 5; pp. 465 - 470 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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New York, NY
Elsevier Inc
01.03.2010
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| ISSN: | 0006-3223, 1873-2402, 1873-2402 |
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| Abstract | Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease.
A three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects.
The density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects.
The reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. |
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| AbstractList | Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease.
A three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects.
The density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects.
The reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease. Methods - A three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects. Results - The density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects. Conclusions - The reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease.BACKGROUNDSeveral lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease.A three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects.METHODSA three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects.The density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects.RESULTSThe density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects.The reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients.CONCLUSIONSThe reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease. A three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects. The density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects. The reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced levels of GABA in the dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortex of depressed patients. Our previous postmortem study revealed a reduction in the density and size of calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-IR) GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to test whether the changes in CB-IR neurons can also be detected in the occipital cortex, where neuroimaging studies report a prominent GABA decrease. MethodsA three-dimensional cell counting probe was used to assess the cell-packing density and size of CB-IR neurons in layer II of the occipital cortex in 10 major depressive disorder subjects and 10 psychiatrically healthy control subjects. ResultsThe density of CB-IR neurons was significantly decreased by 28% in major depressive disorder subjects compared with the control group. The size of CB-IR neurons was unchanged in major depressive disorder subjects when compared with control subjects. ConclusionsThe reduction in the density of CB-IR GABAergic neurons in the occipital cortex in depression is similar to that observed previously in the prefrontal cortex. Deficit in cortical GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the low GABA levels detected in neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder patients. |
| Author | Pride, Yilianys Maciag, Dorota Stockmeier, Craig A. Hughes, Jonathan O'Dwyer, Gillian Sanacora, Gerard Rajkowska, Grazyna |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 1 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA 3 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA – name: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA – name: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dorota surname: Maciag fullname: Maciag, Dorota email: dmaciag@psychiatry.umsmed.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 2 givenname: Jonathan surname: Hughes fullname: Hughes, Jonathan organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 3 givenname: Gillian surname: O'Dwyer fullname: O'Dwyer, Gillian organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 4 givenname: Yilianys surname: Pride fullname: Pride, Yilianys organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 5 givenname: Craig A. surname: Stockmeier fullname: Stockmeier, Craig A. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 6 givenname: Gerard surname: Sanacora fullname: Sanacora, Gerard organization: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut – sequence: 7 givenname: Grazyna surname: Rajkowska fullname: Rajkowska, Grazyna organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi |
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| Keywords | GABAergic neurons occipital cortex Calbindin immunoreactivity postmortem major depression Mood disorder Calbindin Calcium Central nervous system Postmortem Depression Inorganic element Density Encephalon Binding protein Occipital cortex Gabaergic neuron |
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| Snippet | Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced... BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report... Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report... Several lines of evidence suggest dysfunction of the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging studies report reduced... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Aged Biological and medical sciences Calbindin immunoreactivity Calbindins Depression Depressive Disorder, Major - immunology Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology Female GABAergic neurons Humans Immunohistochemistry Interneurons - immunology Interneurons - metabolism major depression Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood disorders occipital cortex Occipital Lobe - metabolism Occipital Lobe - physiopathology postmortem Psychiatric/Mental Health Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Receptors, GABA - immunology Receptors, GABA - metabolism S100 Calcium Binding Protein G - immunology S100 Calcium Binding Protein G - metabolism Young Adult |
| Title | Reduced Density of Calbindin Immunoreactive GABAergic Neurons in the Occipital Cortex in Major Depression: Relevance to Neuroimaging Studies |
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