Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging

Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired a...

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Vydáno v:Behavioral and brain functions Ročník 17; číslo 1; s. 6 - 30
Hlavní autoři: Zia, Aliabbas, Pourbagher-Shahri, Ali Mohammad, Farkhondeh, Tahereh, Samarghandian, Saeed
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London BioMed Central 12.06.2021
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Témata:
Age
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Animal cognition
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Behavioral Therapy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain
Calcium homeostasis
Calories
Dopamine
Energy metabolism
Exercise
Free radicals
Gene expression
Homeostasis
Humans
Hydrogen peroxide
Inflammation
Insulin-like growth factor I
Life span
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Nervous system
Neurobiology of brain disorders
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurogenesis
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Neurology
Neuromodulation
Neurons
Neuroplasticity
Neuroprotection
Neurosciences
Nitric oxide
Nutrient deficiency
Organelles
Oxidative Stress
p53 Protein
Parkinson's disease
Phagocytosis
Physical fitness
Physiology
Psychiatry
Review
Risk factors
Systematic review
TOR protein
Aging
Brain
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
ISSN:1744-9081, 1744-9081
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Popis
Shrnutí:Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca 2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.
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ISSN:1744-9081
1744-9081
DOI:10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9