A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools

•A review of technical aspects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques.•Recommendations for safe and replicable application of tDCS and other tES methods.•Discussion of state-of-the-art methodology and design considerations in tES. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical neurophysiology Vol. 127; no. 2; pp. 1031 - 1048
Main Authors: Woods, A.J., Antal, A., Bikson, M., Boggio, P.S., Brunoni, A.R., Celnik, P., Cohen, L.G., Fregni, F., Herrmann, C.S., Kappenman, E.S., Knotkova, H., Liebetanz, D., Miniussi, C., Miranda, P.C., Paulus, W., Priori, A., Reato, D., Stagg, C., Wenderoth, N., Nitsche, M.A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2016
Subjects:
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Design
Humans
Methodology review
Neurology
Safety
Technical guide
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - instrumentation
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS)
Design
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS)
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)
Methodology review
Technical guide
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
Safety
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
ISSN:1388-2457, 1872-8952
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:•A review of technical aspects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques.•Recommendations for safe and replicable application of tDCS and other tES methods.•Discussion of state-of-the-art methodology and design considerations in tES. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation (tDCS, tACS) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques increasingly used for modulation of central nervous system excitability in humans. Here we address methodological issues required for tES application. This review covers technical aspects of tES, as well as applications like exploration of brain physiology, modelling approaches, tES in cognitive neurosciences, and interventional approaches. It aims to help the reader to appropriately design and conduct studies involving these brain stimulation techniques, understand limitations and avoid shortcomings, which might hamper the scientific rigor and potential applications in the clinical domain.
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ISSN:1388-2457
1872-8952
DOI:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.012