Landraces of snake melon, an ancient Middle Eastern crop, reveal extensive morphological and DNA diversity for potential genetic improvement

Background Snake melon ( Cucumis melo var. flexuosus , “Faqqous”) is a traditional and ancient vegetable in the Mediterranean area. A collection of landraces from 42 grower fields in Israel and Palestinian territories was grown and characterized in a “Common Garden” rain-fed experiment, at the morph...

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Vydáno v:	BMC genetics Ročník 19; číslo 1; s. 34
Hlavní autoři:	Omari, Samer, Kamenir, Yuri, Benichou, Jennifer I. C., Pariente, Sarah, Sela, Hanan, Perl-Treves, Rafael
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 23.05.2018 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Témata:	Animal Genetics and Genomics Biological diversity Biomedical and Life Sciences Breeding climatic factors Crops, Agricultural - anatomy & histology Crops, Agricultural - genetics cross pollination Cucumis melo Cucumis melo - anatomy & histology Cucumis melo - genetics Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. flexuosus Cucumis sativus Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Domestication Experiments Fruits Gardens & gardening Gene flow Genetic aspects Genetic distance Genetic diversity genetic improvement Genetic Variation Genetics and Population Dynamics genome Genomes Germplasm Heterozygosity Horticulture Israel Landraces Life Sciences Mediterranean region melons Microbial Genetics and Genomics Morphology Muskmelon Phenotype Plant Breeding Plant Genetics and Genomics Plant population genetics Plant resistance Pollination Population Population structure Quantitative Trait, Heritable quantitative traits Research Article Seeds Selection, Genetic Single-nucleotide polymorphism Snake melon temperature Triticum durum vegetables Vigor Australia Israel Mediterranean region Population structure Germplasm Genetic diversity Snake melon Landraces Cucumis melo
ISSN:	1471-2156, 1471-2156
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Shrnutí:	Background Snake melon ( Cucumis melo var. flexuosus , “Faqqous”) is a traditional and ancient vegetable in the Mediterranean area. A collection of landraces from 42 grower fields in Israel and Palestinian territories was grown and characterized in a “Common Garden” rain-fed experiment, at the morphological-horticultural and molecular level using seq-DArT markers. Results The different landraces (“populations”) showed extensive variation in morphology and quantitative traits such as yield and femaleness, and clustered into four horticultural varieties. Yield was assessed by five harvests along the season, with middle harvests producing the highest yields. Yield correlated with early vigor, and with femaleness, but not with late vigor. At the molecular level, 2784 SNP were produced and > 90% were mapped to the melon genome. Populations were very polymorphic (46–72% of the markers biallelic in a 4 individuals sample), and observed heterozygosity was higher than the expected, suggesting gene flow among populations and extensive cross pollination among individuals in the field. Genetic distances between landraces were significantly correlated with the geographical distance between collecting sites, and with long term March precipitation average; variation in yield correlated with April temperature maxima. Conclusions The extensive variation suggests that selection of local snake melon could result in yield improvement. Correlations between traits and climatic variables could suggest local adaptation of landraces to the diverse environment in which they evolved. This study stresses the importance of preserving this germplasm, and its potential for breeding better snake melons as an heirloom crop in our region.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2156 1471-2156
DOI:	10.1186/s12863-018-0619-6