DNA methylation profiling in the clinic: applications and challenges

Key Points Alterations in epigenetic marks — specifically DNA methylation — are an emerging biomarker that may be used in the decision-making process for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, most notably in cancer, but there are examples in other diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Alterations...

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Vydané v:Nature reviews. Genetics Ročník 13; číslo 10; s. 679 - 692
Hlavní autori: Heyn, Holger, Esteller, Manel
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.10.2012
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
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Abstract Key Points Alterations in epigenetic marks — specifically DNA methylation — are an emerging biomarker that may be used in the decision-making process for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, most notably in cancer, but there are examples in other diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Alterations in epigenetic marks that are chosen as biomarkers must be carefully selected owing to the dynamic nature of these marks. These alterations may be detected in non-invasive tissues, such as serum, in addition to primary tissues and so may have advantages over genetic biomarkers. Glutathione S -transferase pi 1 ( GSTP1 ) is the best-studied example of an epigenetic biomarker for cancer diagnosis. However, additional candidates show a high potential for future clinical applications, although specificity of diagnosis is an issue, and combinatorial approaches analysing DNA methylation alterations at several genes may improve this. Single-gene approaches have identified epigenetic biomarkers that predict cancer recurrence and survival. Recently, high-resolution genome-wide technologies have shown the potential to improve this strategy with DNA methylation signatures of cancers showing high predictive capacity of disease prognosis. DNA methylation alterations may be used as biomarkers to predict response to chemotherapy strategies. O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) and breast cancer 1, early onset ( BRCA1 ) are examples of hypermethylated genes that predict a response to chemotherapy in cancer. Additional prognostic gene markers have already been identified and suggest DNA methylation profiling as a potent strategy to predict drug response. Recent advances in sequencing and array technologies, which are capable of screening DNA methylomes genome-wide at high-resolution, gave unexpected novel insights in cancer biology. They will be crucial for DNA methylation profiling and the identification of epigenetic biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug response. Epigenetic alterations, notably in DNA hypermethylation, are emerging as consistent biomarkers for disease. Here, with a focus on cancer, the authors discuss the identification of these biomarkers and their use in disease diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy. Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number of genes that show epigenetic alterations in disease emphasizes the crucial role of these epigenetic alterations — particularly DNA methylation — for future diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapies. This Review focuses on epigenetic profiling, which has started to be of clinical value in cancer and may in the future be extended to other diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders.
AbstractList Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number of genes that show epigenetic alterations in disease emphasizes the crucial role of these epigenetic alterations - particularly DNA methylation - for future diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapies. This Review focuses on epigenetic profiling, which has started to be of clinical value in cancer and may in the future be extended to other diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders.
Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number of genes that show epigenetic alterations in disease emphasizes the crucial role of these epigenetic alterations - particularly DNA methylation - for future diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapies. This Review focuses on epigenetic profiling, which has started to be of clinical value in cancer and may in the future be extended to other diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders.Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number of genes that show epigenetic alterations in disease emphasizes the crucial role of these epigenetic alterations - particularly DNA methylation - for future diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapies. This Review focuses on epigenetic profiling, which has started to be of clinical value in cancer and may in the future be extended to other diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders.
Key Points Alterations in epigenetic marks — specifically DNA methylation — are an emerging biomarker that may be used in the decision-making process for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, most notably in cancer, but there are examples in other diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Alterations in epigenetic marks that are chosen as biomarkers must be carefully selected owing to the dynamic nature of these marks. These alterations may be detected in non-invasive tissues, such as serum, in addition to primary tissues and so may have advantages over genetic biomarkers. Glutathione S -transferase pi 1 ( GSTP1 ) is the best-studied example of an epigenetic biomarker for cancer diagnosis. However, additional candidates show a high potential for future clinical applications, although specificity of diagnosis is an issue, and combinatorial approaches analysing DNA methylation alterations at several genes may improve this. Single-gene approaches have identified epigenetic biomarkers that predict cancer recurrence and survival. Recently, high-resolution genome-wide technologies have shown the potential to improve this strategy with DNA methylation signatures of cancers showing high predictive capacity of disease prognosis. DNA methylation alterations may be used as biomarkers to predict response to chemotherapy strategies. O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) and breast cancer 1, early onset ( BRCA1 ) are examples of hypermethylated genes that predict a response to chemotherapy in cancer. Additional prognostic gene markers have already been identified and suggest DNA methylation profiling as a potent strategy to predict drug response. Recent advances in sequencing and array technologies, which are capable of screening DNA methylomes genome-wide at high-resolution, gave unexpected novel insights in cancer biology. They will be crucial for DNA methylation profiling and the identification of epigenetic biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug response. Epigenetic alterations, notably in DNA hypermethylation, are emerging as consistent biomarkers for disease. Here, with a focus on cancer, the authors discuss the identification of these biomarkers and their use in disease diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy. Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number of genes that show epigenetic alterations in disease emphasizes the crucial role of these epigenetic alterations — particularly DNA methylation — for future diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapies. This Review focuses on epigenetic profiling, which has started to be of clinical value in cancer and may in the future be extended to other diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders.
Audience Academic
Author Esteller, Manel
Heyn, Holger
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Holger
  surname: Heyn
  fullname: Heyn, Holger
  organization: Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Manel
  surname: Esteller
  fullname: Esteller, Manel
  email: mesteller@idibell.cat
  organization: Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Instituci Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
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pubmed_primary_22945394
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crossref_primary_10_1038_nrg3270
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_nrg3270
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2012-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2012-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2012
  text: 2012-10-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Nature reviews. Genetics
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nat Rev Genet
PublicationTitleAlternate Nat Rev Genet
PublicationYear 2012
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
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Snippet Key Points Alterations in epigenetic marks — specifically DNA methylation — are an emerging biomarker that may be used in the decision-making process for...
Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The...
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SubjectTerms 631/208/176/1988
631/208/191/2018
631/208/721
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Clinical Laboratory Techniques - methods
Clinical Laboratory Techniques - standards
Datasets
Disease
Disease - genetics
DNA
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Profiling - methods
Gene Expression Profiling - statistics & numerical data
Gene Function
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Genomes
Health aspects
Human Genetics
Humans
Medical diagnosis
Methylation
Models, Biological
Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods
Molecular Targeted Therapy - trends
Mutation
Prostate cancer
review-article
Title DNA methylation profiling in the clinic: applications and challenges
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nrg3270
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Volume 13
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