Long-term mortality in HIV patients virally suppressed for more than three years with incomplete CD4 recovery: A cohort study

Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAA...

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Published in:	BMC infectious diseases Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 318
Main Authors:	Engsig, Frederik N, Gerstoft, Jan, Kronborg, Gitte, Larsen, Carsten S, Pedersen, Gitte, Røge, Birgit, Jensen, Janne, Nielsen, Lars N, Obel, Niels
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London BioMed Central 02.11.2010 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Subjects:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult Age Factors AIDS Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Blood - virology Cancer Care and treatment CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Demographic aspects Denmark Female Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV infection HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - mortality Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune Tolerance Immunosuppression Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Male Medical Microbiology Medical research Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Mortality Parasitology Patient outcomes Research Article Risk Factors Survival Analysis Time Factors Tropical Medicine Viral Load Denmark Viral Load Test Injection Drug User Immunological Suppression Viral Load Suppression Viral Load
ISSN:	1471-2334, 1471-2334
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Abstract	Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. Method In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. Results We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Conclusion Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU.
AbstractList	The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART.BACKGROUNDThe mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART.In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs.METHODIn a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs.We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs).RESULTSWe identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs).Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU.CONCLUSIONAge and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU. The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count [less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period ([less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/[mu]L; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count [less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU. Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. Method In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. Results We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Conclusion Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU. The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU. Abstract Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. Method In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period (≤ 200 cells/μL; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/μL; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. Results We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Conclusion Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU. Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART. Method In a nationwide cohort of HIV patients we identified all individuals who started HAART before 1 January 2005 with CD4 cell count [less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L and experienced three years with sustained viral suppression. Patients were categorized according to CD4 cell count after the three years suppressed period ([less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L; immunological non-responders (INRs), >200 cells/[mu]L; immunological responders (IRs)). We used logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimated risk factors and mortality for INRs compared to IRs. Results We identified 55 INRs and 236 IRs. In adjusted analysis age > 40 years and > one year from first CD4 cell count [less than or equal to] 200 cells/[mu]L to start of the virologically suppressed period were associated with increased risk of INR. INRs had substantially higher mortality compared to IRs. The excess mortality was mainly seen in the INR group with > one year of immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and injection drug users (IDUs). Conclusion Age and prolonged periods of immune deficiency prior to successful HAART are risk factors for incomplete CD4 cell recovery. INRs have substantially increased long-term mortality mainly associated with prolonged immunological suppression prior to viral suppression and IDU.
ArticleNumber	318
Audience	Academic
Author	Larsen, Carsten S Jensen, Janne Røge, Birgit Kronborg, Gitte Nielsen, Lars N Gerstoft, Jan Pedersen, Gitte Obel, Niels Engsig, Frederik N
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Fredericia and Kolding Sygehus, Skovvangen 2-8, 6000 Kolding, Denmark 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Sønderbouldevard 65, 5000 Odense C, Denmark 7 Department of Infectious Diseases - Hillerød, Hillerød Sygehus, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød 3400, Denmark 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegårds Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgårdsvej, DK8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark – name: 7 Department of Infectious Diseases - Hillerød, Hillerød Sygehus, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød 3400, Denmark – name: 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Fredericia and Kolding Sygehus, Skovvangen 2-8, 6000 Kolding, Denmark – name: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgårdsvej, DK8200 Aarhus N, Denmark – name: 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegårds Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark – name: 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Sønderbouldevard 65, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044307$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	Engsig et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 COPYRIGHT 2010 BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Engsig et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ©2010 Engsig et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Engsig et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Snippet	Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We... The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to... Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We... Abstract Background: The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly... Abstract Background The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly...
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SubjectTerms	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult Age Factors AIDS Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Blood - virology Cancer Care and treatment CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Demographic aspects Denmark Female Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV infection HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - mortality Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune Tolerance Immunosuppression Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Male Medical Microbiology Medical research Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Mortality Parasitology Patient outcomes Research Article Risk Factors Survival Analysis Time Factors Tropical Medicine Viral Load
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Title	Long-term mortality in HIV patients virally suppressed for more than three years with incomplete CD4 recovery: A cohort study
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