Concepts and Definitions for “Actively Dying,” “End of Life,” “Terminally Ill,” “Terminal Care,” and “Transition of Care”: A Systematic Review

The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined. We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of pain and symptom management Ročník 47; číslo 1; s. 77 - 89
Hlavní autoři:	Hui, David, Nooruddin, Zohra, Didwaniya, Neha, Dev, Rony, De La Cruz, Maxine, Kim, Sun Hyun, Kwon, Jung Hye, Hutchins, Ronald, Liem, Christiana, Bruera, Eduardo
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2014
Témata:	Actively dying Anesthesia & Perioperative Care Dying end of life End of life decisions Humans Models, Theoretical Pain Medicine Palliative Care systematic review Terminal Care Terminally Ill Terminally ill people terminology Terminology as Topic transition of care Web sites end of life terminology Actively dying terminally ill terminal care systematic review transition of care
ISSN:	0885-3924, 1873-6513, 1873-6513
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Abstract	The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined. We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code. One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as “hours or days of survival.” We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously. We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions.
AbstractList	Context The terms 'actively dying,' 'end of life,' 'terminally ill,' 'terminal care,' and 'transition of care' are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined. Objectives We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code. Results: One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as 'hours or days of survival.' We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously. Conclusion: We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions. [Copyright U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc.] The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined. We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code. One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as “hours or days of survival.” We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously. We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions. The terms "actively dying," "end of life," "terminally ill," "terminal care," and "transition of care" are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined.CONTEXTThe terms "actively dying," "end of life," "terminally ill," "terminal care," and "transition of care" are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined.We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms.OBJECTIVESWe conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms.We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code.METHODSWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code.One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as "hours or days of survival." We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously.RESULTSOne of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as "hours or days of survival." We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously.We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions.CONCLUSIONWe identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions. Abstract Context The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined. Objectives We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code. Results One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as “hours or days of survival.” We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously. Conclusion We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions.
Author	De La Cruz, Maxine Liem, Christiana Didwaniya, Neha Dev, Rony Kim, Sun Hyun Hui, David Hutchins, Ronald Kwon, Jung Hye Bruera, Eduardo Nooruddin, Zohra
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: David surname: Hui fullname: Hui, David email: dhui@mdanderson.org organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Zohra surname: Nooruddin fullname: Nooruddin, Zohra organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Neha surname: Didwaniya fullname: Didwaniya, Neha organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Rony surname: Dev fullname: Dev, Rony organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Maxine surname: De La Cruz fullname: De La Cruz, Maxine organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Sun Hyun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sun Hyun organization: Department of Family Medicine, Myong Ji Hospital, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea – sequence: 7 givenname: Jung Hye surname: Kwon fullname: Kwon, Jung Hye organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 8 givenname: Ronald surname: Hutchins fullname: Hutchins, Ronald organization: Research Medical Library, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Christiana surname: Liem fullname: Liem, Christiana organization: Research Medical Library, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Eduardo surname: Bruera fullname: Bruera, Eduardo organization: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796586$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined.... Abstract Context The terms “actively dying,” “end of life,” “terminally ill,” “terminal care,” and “transition of care” are commonly used but rarely and... The terms "actively dying," "end of life," "terminally ill," "terminal care," and "transition of care" are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined.... The terms "actively dying," "end of life," "terminally ill," "terminal care," and "transition of care" are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently... Context The terms 'actively dying,' 'end of life,' 'terminally ill,' 'terminal care,' and 'transition of care' are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently...
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SubjectTerms	Actively dying Anesthesia & Perioperative Care Dying end of life End of life decisions Humans Models, Theoretical Pain Medicine Palliative Care systematic review Terminal Care Terminally Ill Terminally ill people terminology Terminology as Topic transition of care Web sites
Title	Concepts and Definitions for “Actively Dying,” “End of Life,” “Terminally Ill,” “Terminal Care,” and “Transition of Care”: A Systematic Review
URI	https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0885392413002431 https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S0885392413002431 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.021 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796586 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1490714829 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1550985278 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3870193
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