Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Polarization singularities are superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in orthogonal circular polarization basis. The intrinsic OAM of light beams arises due to the helical wavefronts of phase singularities. In phase singularities, circulating phase gradients and, in polarization sin...

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Vydáno v:International Journal of Optics Ročník 2020; číslo 2020; s. 1 - 33
Hlavní autoři: Ruchi, Chenggen, Pal, Sushanta Kumar, Senthilkumaran, Paramasivam
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2020
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
Témata:
Angular momentum
Circular polarization
Handedness
Light beams
Scalars
Singularities
Wave fronts
ISSN:1687-9384, 1687-9392
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Shrnutí:Polarization singularities are superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in orthogonal circular polarization basis. The intrinsic OAM of light beams arises due to the helical wavefronts of phase singularities. In phase singularities, circulating phase gradients and, in polarization singularities, circulating ϕ12 Stokes phase gradients are present. At the phase and polarization singularities, undefined quantities are the phase and ϕ12 Stokes phase, respectively. Conversion of circulating phase gradient into circulating Stokes phase gradient reveals the connection between phase (scalar) and polarization (vector) singularities. We demonstrate this by theoretically and experimentally generating polarization singularities using phase singularities. Furthermore, the relation between scalar fields and Stokes fields and the singularities in each of them is discussed. This paper is written as a tutorial-cum-review-type article keeping in mind the beginners and researchers in other areas, yet many of the concepts are given novel explanations by adopting different approaches from the available literature on this subject.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1687-9384
1687-9392
DOI:10.1155/2020/2812803