Testing the effects of group-affirmation in active conflict: Ukrainians’ trust toward Russia

How can states with a history of recent armed conflict trust one another? Political psychology offers two competing approaches to increase trust between the publics of different countries: appealing to an overarching, common identity above the national level vs. affirming a sense of national identit...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 18; číslo 5; s. e0270266
Hlavní autoři:	Chung, Eunbin, Pechenkina, Anna O.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 18.05.2023 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Affinity Affirmation Analysis Between-subjects design Biology and Life Sciences Conflict Effects Ethnicity Europe Evaluation Exercise Group identity Hostility Humans Hypotheses Intergroup relations International relations Marketing research Medicine and Health Sciences National identity People and Places Political psychology Polls & surveys Psychological aspects Psychology Public opinion Public opinion polls Public opinion research Research and Analysis Methods Russia Social Sciences Sociology Subgroups Surveys Trust Trust (Psychology) Ukraine Violence War Europe Ukraine Russia United States
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	How can states with a history of recent armed conflict trust one another? Political psychology offers two competing approaches to increase trust between the publics of different countries: appealing to an overarching, common identity above the national level vs. affirming a sense of national identity. This study aims to examine the scope conditions of group-affirmation effects on trust in active conflicts by testing which group-affirmation approach increases trust towards Russia among the Ukrainian public. Distrust between Ukraine and Russia aggravates security fears and limits hope for a meaningful resolution of the bloodiest armed conflict in Europe since 1994. Hostility levels have risen dramatically between the populations of Ukraine and Russia after the events of 2013–2015. The study employs a survey experiment (between-subjects design) to evaluate these competing approaches. The survey was fielded in late May-June 2020 by a reputable public opinion research firm, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), based in Ukraine. The results suggest that in areas where conflict is salient, national identity affirmation can increase trust in subsamples that hold preexisting baseline levels of affinity toward the outgroup. When combined with the more anti-Russian Ukrainians however, this positive effect was cancelled out. In contrast, emphasis on an overarching, common ingroup identity did not raise trust in any subgroups. Examining the disparate effects of national identity affirmation in anti-Russian and pro-Russian regional subsamples helps specify the scope conditions of which group-affirmation can be most effective.
AbstractList	How can states with a history of recent armed conflict trust one another? Political psychology offers two competing approaches to increase trust between the publics of different countries: appealing to an overarching, common identity above the national level vs. affirming a sense of national identity. This study aims to examine the scope conditions of group-affirmation effects on trust in active conflicts by testing which group-affirmation approach increases trust towards Russia among the Ukrainian public. Distrust between Ukraine and Russia aggravates security fears and limits hope for a meaningful resolution of the bloodiest armed conflict in Europe since 1994. Hostility levels have risen dramatically between the populations of Ukraine and Russia after the events of 2013–2015. The study employs a survey experiment (between-subjects design) to evaluate these competing approaches. The survey was fielded in late May-June 2020 by a reputable public opinion research firm, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), based in Ukraine. The results suggest that in areas where conflict is salient, national identity affirmation can increase trust in subsamples that hold preexisting baseline levels of affinity toward the outgroup. When combined with the more anti-Russian Ukrainians however, this positive effect was cancelled out. In contrast, emphasis on an overarching, common ingroup identity did not raise trust in any subgroups. Examining the disparate effects of national identity affirmation in anti-Russian and pro-Russian regional subsamples helps specify the scope conditions of which group-affirmation can be most effective. How can states with a history of recent armed conflict trust one another? Political psychology offers two competing approaches to increase trust between the publics of different countries: appealing to an overarching, common identity above the national level vs. affirming a sense of national identity. This study aims to examine the scope conditions of group-affirmation effects on trust in active conflicts by testing which group-affirmation approach increases trust towards Russia among the Ukrainian public. Distrust between Ukraine and Russia aggravates security fears and limits hope for a meaningful resolution of the bloodiest armed conflict in Europe since 1994. Hostility levels have risen dramatically between the populations of Ukraine and Russia after the events of 2013-2015. The study employs a survey experiment (between-subjects design) to evaluate these competing approaches. The survey was fielded in late May-June 2020 by a reputable public opinion research firm, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), based in Ukraine. The results suggest that in areas where conflict is salient, national identity affirmation can increase trust in subsamples that hold preexisting baseline levels of affinity toward the outgroup. When combined with the more anti-Russian Ukrainians however, this positive effect was cancelled out. In contrast, emphasis on an overarching, common ingroup identity did not raise trust in any subgroups. Examining the disparate effects of national identity affirmation in anti-Russian and pro-Russian regional subsamples helps specify the scope conditions of which group-affirmation can be most effective.How can states with a history of recent armed conflict trust one another? Political psychology offers two competing approaches to increase trust between the publics of different countries: appealing to an overarching, common identity above the national level vs. affirming a sense of national identity. This study aims to examine the scope conditions of group-affirmation effects on trust in active conflicts by testing which group-affirmation approach increases trust towards Russia among the Ukrainian public. Distrust between Ukraine and Russia aggravates security fears and limits hope for a meaningful resolution of the bloodiest armed conflict in Europe since 1994. Hostility levels have risen dramatically between the populations of Ukraine and Russia after the events of 2013-2015. The study employs a survey experiment (between-subjects design) to evaluate these competing approaches. The survey was fielded in late May-June 2020 by a reputable public opinion research firm, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), based in Ukraine. The results suggest that in areas where conflict is salient, national identity affirmation can increase trust in subsamples that hold preexisting baseline levels of affinity toward the outgroup. When combined with the more anti-Russian Ukrainians however, this positive effect was cancelled out. In contrast, emphasis on an overarching, common ingroup identity did not raise trust in any subgroups. Examining the disparate effects of national identity affirmation in anti-Russian and pro-Russian regional subsamples helps specify the scope conditions of which group-affirmation can be most effective.
Audience	Academic
Author	Chung, Eunbin Pechenkina, Anna O.
AuthorAffiliation	University of Connecticut, UNITED STATES 1 Department of Political Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America 2 Department of Political Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: University of Connecticut, UNITED STATES – name: 1 Department of Political Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Political Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37200374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1080_21599165_2025_2478564 crossref_primary_10_1017_nps_2023_49
Cites_doi	10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.239 10.1111/sena.12120 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.07.006 10.1017/S0020818300033336 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60229-4 10.1093/poq/nfm051 10.1371/journal.pone.0239944 10.1177/1525822X09360310 10.1177/0022002707304813 10.1006/jesp.2001.1491 10.1177/0146167211413607 10.1177/0146167210369557 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.11.001 10.1007/s10869-011-9231-8 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00723.x 10.1093/poq/nfh002 10.1017/CBO9780511818691 10.1080/14608940120059434 10.1017/CBO9780511598661 10.1177/0049124110392547 10.1177/01461672002611011 10.1177/1368430217690907 10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98 10.1177/1525822X05282259 10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.566 10.1037/a0028085 10.1017/CBO9780511496837
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SubjectTerms	Affinity Affirmation Analysis Between-subjects design Biology and Life Sciences Conflict Effects Ethnicity Europe Evaluation Exercise Group identity Hostility Humans Hypotheses Intergroup relations International relations Marketing research Medicine and Health Sciences National identity People and Places Political psychology Polls & surveys Psychological aspects Psychology Public opinion Public opinion polls Public opinion research Research and Analysis Methods Russia Social Sciences Sociology Subgroups Surveys Trust Trust (Psychology) Ukraine Violence War
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Title	Testing the effects of group-affirmation in active conflict: Ukrainians’ trust toward Russia
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