Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary, Central Europe
BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro sus...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC veterinary research Jg. 10; H. 1; S. 256 |
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25.10.2014
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| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC₉₀danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC₉₀16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC₉₀ ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC₉₀8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC₉₀8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 64 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. |
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| AbstractList | BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC₉₀ danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC₉₀ 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC₉₀≥64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC₉₀≥128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC₉₀≥128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC₉₀ 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC₉₀≥256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC₉₀ 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC₉₀≥64 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Background: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Results: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC sub(90) danofloxacin 0.312 mu g/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 mu g/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 mu g/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC sub(90) 16 mu g/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC sub(90) greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC sub(90) greater than or equal to 128 mu g/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC sub(90) greater than or equal to 128 mu g/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC sub(90) 8 mu g/ml), spectinomycin (MIC sub(90) greater than or equal to 256 mu g/ml), florfenicol (MIC sub(90) 8 mu g/ml) or lincomycin (MIC sub(90) greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Background Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Results Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC 90 danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC 90 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC 90 ≥64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC 90 ≥128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC 90 ≥128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC 90 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC 90 ≥256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC 90 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC 90 ≥64 μg/ml). Conclusions Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Background Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Results Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC.sub.90 danofloxacin 0.312 [mu]g/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 [mu]g/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 [mu]g/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC.sub.90 16 [mu]g/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]64 [mu]g/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]128 [mu]g/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]128 [mu]g/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC.sub.90 8 [mu]g/ml), spectinomycin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]256 [mu]g/ml), florfenicol (MIC.sub.90 8 [mu]g/ml) or lincomycin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]64 [mu]g/ml). Conclusions Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, MIC, Fluoroquinolones, Microbroth dilution, Mycoplasma bovis BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC₉₀danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC₉₀16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC₉₀ ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC₉₀8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC₉₀8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC₉₀ ≥ 64 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC.sub.90 danofloxacin 0.312 [mu]g/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 [mu]g/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 [mu]g/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC.sub.90 16 [mu]g/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]64 [mu]g/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]128 [mu]g/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]128 [mu]g/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC.sub.90 8 [mu]g/ml), spectinomycin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]256 [mu]g/ml), florfenicol (MIC.sub.90 8 [mu]g/ml) or lincomycin (MIC.sub.90[greater than or equai to]64 [mu]g/ml). Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Doc number: 256 Abstract Background: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Results: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC90 danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC90 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC90 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC90 ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC90 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics.BACKGROUNDMycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC90 danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC90 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC90 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC90 ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC90 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml).RESULTSMinimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC90 danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC90 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC90 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC90 ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC90 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml).Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials.CONCLUSIONSOur results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due to mycoplasma pneumonia could be reduced by antibiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary to eleven antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 35 M. bovis strains collected from different parts of Hungary between 2010 and 2013 were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Strains with high MIC values were found in the case of all applied antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics tested in vitro were fluoroquinolones (MIC90 danofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, enrofloxacin 0.312 μg/ml, marbofloxacin 0.625 μg/ml). Our results confirm the observations of increasing MIC values to antibiotics commonly used in the therapy of mycoplasma infections, primarily to tetracyclines; tetracycline (MIC90 16 μg/ml) and oxytetracycline (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml) and macrolides; tylosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC90 ≥ 128 μg/ml). The growth of many M. bovis strains was not inhibited by gentamicin (MIC90 8 μg/ml), spectinomycin (MIC90 ≥ 256 μg/ml), florfenicol (MIC90 8 μg/ml) or lincomycin (MIC90 ≥ 64 μg/ml). Our results emphasize the necessity of periodic testing for antibiotic susceptibility in this geographic region. Based on our in vitro examinations, fluoroquinolones could be the most effective drugs for the therapy of M. bovis infections in Hungary. However, current antimicrobial use policies have to be taken into account to avoid further antibiotic resistance development and to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of severe infections which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials. |
| ArticleNumber | 256 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Magyar, Tibor Turcsányi, Ibolya Kreizinger, Zsuzsa Jánosi, Szilárd Schweitzer, Nóra Fekete, Lilla Makrai, László Hrivnák, Veronika Sulyok, Kinga M Erdélyi, Károly Gyuranecz, Miklós |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Sulyok, Kinga M – sequence: 2 fullname: Kreizinger, Zsuzsa – sequence: 3 fullname: Fekete, Lilla – sequence: 4 fullname: Hrivnák, Veronika – sequence: 5 fullname: Magyar, Tibor – sequence: 6 fullname: Jánosi, Szilárd – sequence: 7 fullname: Schweitzer, Nóra – sequence: 8 fullname: Turcsányi, Ibolya – sequence: 9 fullname: Makrai, László – sequence: 10 fullname: Erdélyi, Károly – sequence: 11 fullname: Gyuranecz, Miklós |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344297$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2014 Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. – notice: Sulyok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 |
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| DOI | 10.1186/s12917-014-0256-x |
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| Keywords | Fluoroquinolones Microbroth dilution Mycoplasma bovis MIC Antibiotic resistance |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The... Background Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic... Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic losses due... Background Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The economic... Doc number: 256 Abstract Background: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other... Background: Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antiarthritic agents antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Arthritis Bacteriology Beef cattle Care and treatment Cattle Cattle Diseases - epidemiology Cattle Diseases - microbiology Cattle industry Central European region Cloning Deoxyribonucleic acid Dilution DNA Drug Resistance, Bacterial Drug therapy Ear diseases economics enrofloxacin florfenicol gentamicin Health aspects Hungary Hungary - epidemiology Infections issues and policy lincomycin marbofloxacin mastitis Medicine Medicine & Public Health Microbial Sensitivity Tests Milk minimum inhibitory concentration Mycoplasma Mycoplasma bovis Mycoplasma bovis - drug effects Mycoplasma bovis - isolation & purification Mycoplasma Infections - microbiology Mycoplasma Infections - veterinary mycoplasmosis oxytetracycline pathogens Phenols pneumonia Research Article spectinomycin Studies tetracycline therapeutics Transgenics Tuberculosis tylosin Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science Zoology |
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| Title | Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary, Central Europe |
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