Variations in achievement of evidence-based, high-impact quality indicators in general practice: An observational study

There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:PloS one Jg. 12; H. 7; S. e0177949
Hauptverfasser: Willis, Thomas A., West, Robert, Rushforth, Bruno, Stokes, Tim, Glidewell, Liz, Carder, Paul, Faulkner, Simon, Foy, Robbie
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 13.07.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK). Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice. Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models. Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
AbstractList There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK). Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice. Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models. Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK).BACKGROUNDThere are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK).Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice.METHODSCross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice.Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models.RESULTSMedian practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models.Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.CONCLUSIONSDespite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
BackgroundThere are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsCross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice.ResultsMedian practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models.ConclusionsDespite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
Background There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice. Results Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models. Conclusions Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected 'big data' in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based 'high impact' quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK). Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 'risky' prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice. Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models. Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
Background There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest in using routinely collected ‘big data’ in the evaluation of healthcare. We developed a set of evidence-based ‘high impact’ quality indicators (QIs) for primary care and examined variations in achievement of these indicators using routinely collected data in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected, electronic primary care data from a sample of general practices in West Yorkshire, UK (n = 89). The QIs covered aspects of care (including processes and intermediate clinical outcomes) in relation to diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ‘risky’ prescribing combinations. Regression models explored the impact of practice and patient characteristics. Clustering within practice was accounted for by including a random intercept for practice. Results Median practice achievement of the QIs ranged from 43.2% (diabetes control) to 72.2% (blood pressure control in CKD). Considerable between-practice variation existed for all indicators: the difference between the highest and lowest performing practices was 26.3 percentage points for risky prescribing and 100 percentage points for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Odds ratios associated with the random effects for practices emphasised this; there was a greater than ten-fold difference in the likelihood of achieving the hypertension indicator between the lowest and highest performing practices. Patient characteristics, in particular age, gender and comorbidity, were consistently but modestly associated with indicator achievement. Statistically significant practice characteristics were identified less frequently in adjusted models. Conclusions Despite various policy and improvement initiatives, there are enduring inappropriate variations in the delivery of evidence-based care. Much of this variation is not explained by routinely collected patient or practice variables, and is likely to be attributable to differences in clinical and organisational behaviour.
Audience Academic
Author Foy, Robbie
Glidewell, Liz
Faulkner, Simon
West, Robert
Rushforth, Bruno
Carder, Paul
Stokes, Tim
Willis, Thomas A.
AuthorAffiliation University of the West Indies Faculty of Medical Sciences Mona, JAMAICA
2 Foundry Lane Surgery, Leeds, United Kingdom
1 Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
3 Department of General Practice & Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
4 West Yorkshire Research & Development, NHS Bradford Districts CCG, Douglas Mill, Bradford, United Kingdom
5 NHS Digital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of General Practice & Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
– name: 5 NHS Digital, Leeds, United Kingdom
– name: 1 Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
– name: 4 West Yorkshire Research & Development, NHS Bradford Districts CCG, Douglas Mill, Bradford, United Kingdom
– name: 2 Foundry Lane Surgery, Leeds, United Kingdom
– name: University of the West Indies Faculty of Medical Sciences Mona, JAMAICA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thomas A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0252-9923
  surname: Willis
  fullname: Willis, Thomas A.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Robert
  surname: West
  fullname: West, Robert
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Bruno
  surname: Rushforth
  fullname: Rushforth, Bruno
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tim
  surname: Stokes
  fullname: Stokes, Tim
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Liz
  surname: Glidewell
  fullname: Glidewell, Liz
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Paul
  surname: Carder
  fullname: Carder, Paul
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Simon
  surname: Faulkner
  fullname: Faulkner, Simon
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Robbie
  surname: Foy
  fullname: Foy, Robbie
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28704407$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNk9uK2zAQhk3Z0j20b1Baw0JpoUklW7asvSiEpYfAwkIPeytkaWQrOFZWstPm7askTomXpRRf2Iy--Ufze-Y8OmltC1H0EqMpTin-sLC9a0UzXYXwFGFKGWFPojPM0mSSJyg9Ofo-jc69XyCUpUWeP4tOk4IiQhA9i37dCWdEZ2zrY9PGQtYG1rCEtoutjmFtFLQSJqXwoN7HtanqiVmuhOzi-140ptuELGWk6KzbCVTQghNNvHKBMRKu4lkb29KDW--qhCPf9WrzPHqqRePhxfC-iH5-_vTj-uvk5vbL_Hp2M5E5S7oJAAiNcYqoZAwzSVVJCS11GZrVQBKd46IoUgIqx0RLzBjFWBZCkTQrCyXSi-j1XnfVWM8HzzzHQSzDGUEsEPM9oaxY8JUzS-E23ArDdwHrKi5caKUBLpjIS6QSLJgipaYlLklBFSpJinWe6aD1cajWl0tQMtgYzBiJjk9aU_PKrnmWIYYRCQJvBwFn73vwHV8aL6FpRAu23947oen21yUBvXyAPt7dQFUiNGBabUNduRXlM8IKQlJU5IGaPkKFR8HSyDBg2oT4KOHdKCEwHfzuKtF7z-ffv_0_e3s3Zt8csTWIpqu9bfrdgI7BV8dO_7X4MNkBuNoD0lnvHWguTbcbwdCaaThGfLtGB9P4do34sEYhmTxIPuj_M-0PdtIi2Q
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2019_030076
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_020_05676_7
crossref_primary_10_1111_dme_14159
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2020_041460
crossref_primary_10_2196_34141
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2021_617902
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0272662
crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_13821
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13012_017_0704_7
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2025_102044
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40352_022_00175_9
crossref_primary_10_1111_dme_13810
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13293_019_0277_z
crossref_primary_10_1093_ckj_sfaf180
crossref_primary_10_1093_fampra_cmaa024
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2020_040961
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcd_2020_11_018
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0312137
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40352_022_00200_x
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003045
Cites_doi 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a51b3d
10.3399/bjgp16X683509
10.1097/MLR.0b013e31803bb479
10.1056/NEJMsa022615
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00620-6
10.1136/qhc.0100152
10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
10.1136/bmj.c6267
10.1136/bmj.323.7316.784
10.1186/2047-2501-2-3
10.1503/cmaj.121802
10.1136/bmj.h176
10.1097/MLR.0b013e31820f0ed0
10.1186/1748-5908-7-24
10.1056/NEJMhpr041294
10.1370/afm.1377
10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003190
10.1186/s12875-015-0350-6
10.1136/qhc.12.6.421
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008270
10.1001/jama.2013.393
10.1186/1471-2296-7-68
10.1093/ageing/afr097
10.1136/bmj.a957
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.014
10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6217
10.1186/1471-2296-14-23
10.1136/bmj.38632.611123.AE
10.3310/hta8060
10.3399/bjgp13X671588
10.1093/fampra/cmw003
10.1371/journal.pone.0025987
10.1186/1472-6904-12-5
10.1093/fampra/cmp095
10.1056/NEJMsa066253
10.1186/1748-5908-4-18
10.1136/bmj.i4060
10.1136/bmj.a1107
10.1136/bmj.h949
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
2017 Willis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2017 Willis et al 2017 Willis et al
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2017 Willis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2017 Willis et al 2017 Willis et al
CorporateAuthor on behalf of the ASPIRE programme team
ASPIRE programme team
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: on behalf of the ASPIRE programme team
– name: ASPIRE programme team
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
IOV
ISR
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7RV
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7X2
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
KB.
KB0
KL.
L6V
LK8
M0K
M0S
M1P
M7N
M7P
M7S
NAPCQ
P5Z
P62
P64
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
PYCSY
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0177949
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Immunology Abstracts
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Agricultural Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database‎ (1962 - current)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
Biological Science Collection
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
Technology collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Materials Science Database
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biological Sciences
Agricultural Science Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Biological Science Database
Engineering Database
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database
Materials Science Collection
Proquest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Collection
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Agricultural Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Engineering Database
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Agricultural Science Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
Entomology Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Immunology Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic




Agricultural Science Database
MEDLINE


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Sciences (General)
DocumentTitleAlternate Variations in achievement of indicators in general practice
EISSN 1932-6203
ExternalDocumentID 1919515409
oai_doaj_org_article_a9a6b0d21a9d4bf7b1b487d0b431f65f
PMC5509104
A498443086
28704407
10_1371_journal_pone_0177949
Genre Journal Article
Observational Study
GeographicLocations United Kingdom--UK
England
GeographicLocations_xml – name: England
– name: United Kingdom--UK
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Department of Health
  grantid: RP-PG-1209-10040
– fundername: ;
  grantid: RP-PG-1209-10040
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
53G
5VS
7RV
7X2
7X7
7XC
88E
8AO
8C1
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAUCC
AAWOE
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACCTH
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
APEBS
ARAPS
ATCPS
BAIFH
BAWUL
BBNVY
BBTPI
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
D1I
D1J
D1K
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EMOBN
ESX
EX3
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IEA
IGS
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOV
IPY
ISE
ISR
ITC
K6-
KB.
KQ8
L6V
LK5
LK8
M0K
M1P
M48
M7P
M7R
M7S
M~E
NAPCQ
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
P62
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PV9
PYCSY
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
~02
~KM
ALIPV
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
IPNFZ
NPM
RIG
BBORY
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
ESTFP
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
KL.
M7N
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
AAPBV
ABPTK
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-eeeaf11307c9919c7db747bfb949fe42f6188834ed614fc199711c8ad435b8da3
IEDL.DBID FPL
ISICitedReferencesCount 26
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000405649700004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1932-6203
IngestDate Sun Oct 01 00:11:26 EDT 2023
Fri Oct 03 12:51:11 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 02:00:39 EST 2025
Mon Sep 08 03:05:58 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 07:34:52 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 13:16:55 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 10:05:41 EST 2025
Wed Nov 26 09:51:20 EST 2025
Wed Nov 26 10:03:46 EST 2025
Thu May 22 21:22:25 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:50:52 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 02:08:20 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:36:28 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c692t-eeeaf11307c9919c7db747bfb949fe42f6188834ed614fc199711c8ad435b8da3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceptualization: TAW BR LG TS RF.Data curation: SF RW.Formal analysis: RW.Funding acquisition: RF.Investigation: TAW SF.Methodology: TAW BR SF RF.Project administration: TAW.Resources: PC SF.Software: SF.Supervision: TAW RF.Validation: TAW BR RF.Visualization: TAW RW.Writing – original draft: TAW.Writing – review & editing: TAW BR RW TS LG RF.
Membership of the ASPIRE programme team is provided in the Acknowledegements
ORCID 0000-0002-0252-9923
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177949
PMID 28704407
PQID 1919515409
PQPubID 1436336
PageCount e0177949
ParticipantIDs plos_journals_1919515409
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_a9a6b0d21a9d4bf7b1b487d0b431f65f
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5509104
proquest_miscellaneous_1927304402
proquest_journals_1919515409
gale_infotracmisc_A498443086
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A498443086
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A498443086
gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A498443086
gale_healthsolutions_A498443086
pubmed_primary_28704407
crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0177949
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0177949
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2017-07-13
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-07-13
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2017
  text: 2017-07-13
  day: 13
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS One
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References M Lugtenberg (ref10) 2011; 6
M Roland (ref23) 2004; 351
P Dawda (ref6) 2010
R Lau (ref51) 2015; 5
TA Willis (ref52) 2016; 11
R Cooksey (ref2) 2006
MD Beaulieu (ref49) 2013; 185
P van den Hombergh (ref46) 2013; 14
KD Wyatt (ref11) 2014; 52
E Wallace (ref4) 2015; 350
T Higashi (ref43) 2007; 356
E Nouwens (ref45) 2012; 70
SA Kirk (ref16) 2003; 12
J Smith (ref7) 2013
D McBride (ref27) 2010; 341
B Guthrie (ref42) 2015; 5
M Roland (ref24) 2016; 354
TB Murdoch (ref19) 2013; 309
LD Woodard (ref44) 2011; 49
SJ Gillam (ref39) 2012; 10
FDR Hobbs (ref3) 2016; 387
(ref22) 2013
D Reeves (ref38) 2007; 45
M Eccles (ref1) 2009; 4
SM Campbell (ref35) 2001; 323
N Steel (ref17) 2008; 337
B Baird (ref5) 2016
W Raghupathi (ref20) 2014; 2
SJ Stocks (ref41) 2015; 351
ref30
T Dreischulte (ref25) 2012; 7
E Kontopantelis (ref36) 2013; 3
R Lawton (ref47) 2016; 11
B Rushforth (ref8) 2015; 16
ME Seddon (ref13) 2001; 10
DM Levine (ref33) 2016; 176
SM Campbell (ref15) 2005; 331
(ref21) 2015
D Pugh (ref40) 2011; 40
M Ashworth (ref29) 2006; 7
VS Raleigh (ref37) 2008; 337
CW Ng (ref28) 2013; 63
T Dreischulte (ref26) 2012; 12
S Dumbreck (ref9) 2015; 350
J Cohen (ref32) 1992; 112
PA Lord (ref31) 2016; 33
R Baker (ref14) 2002; 52
B Rushforth (ref48) 2016; 66
EA McGlynn (ref12) 2003; 348
L Down (ref34) 2009; 62
AS Abdelhamid (ref18) 2010; 27
JM Grimshaw (ref50) 2004; 8
References_xml – volume: 52
  start-page: S92
  issue: Suppl 3
  year: 2014
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Out of context: clinical practice guidelines and patients with multiple chronic conditions: a systematic review
  publication-title: Med Care
  doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a51b3d
– volume: 66
  start-page: e114
  year: 2016
  ident: ref48
  article-title: Barriers to effective management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: qualitative systematic review
  publication-title: Br J Gen Pract
  doi: 10.3399/bjgp16X683509
– volume: 45
  start-page: 489
  year: 2007
  ident: ref38
  article-title: Combining multiple indicators of clinical quality: an evaluation of different analytic approaches
  publication-title: Med Care
  doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31803bb479
– volume: 348
  start-page: 2635
  year: 2003
  ident: ref12
  article-title: The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa022615
– volume: 387
  start-page: 2323
  year: 2016
  ident: ref3
  article-title: Clinical workload in UK primary care: a retrospective analysis of 100 million consultations in England, 2007–14
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00620-6
– volume: 10
  start-page: 152
  year: 2001
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Systematic review of studies of quality of clinical care in general practice in the UK, Australia and New Zealand
  publication-title: Qual Health Care
  doi: 10.1136/qhc.0100152
– volume: 112
  start-page: 155
  year: 1992
  ident: ref32
  article-title: A power primer
  publication-title: Psychol Bull
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
– volume: 341
  start-page: c6267
  year: 2010
  ident: ref27
  article-title: Explaining variation in referral from primary to secondary care: cohort study
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6267
– ident: ref30
– volume: 323
  start-page: 784
  year: 2001
  ident: ref35
  article-title: Identifying predictors of high quality care in English general practice: observational study
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7316.784
– year: 2016
  ident: ref5
  article-title: Understanding pressures in general practice
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: ref20
  article-title: Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential
  publication-title: Health Inf Sci Syst
  doi: 10.1186/2047-2501-2-3
– volume: 185
  start-page: E590
  year: 2013
  ident: ref49
  article-title: Characteristics of primary care practices associated with high quality of care
  publication-title: Can Med Assoc J
  doi: 10.1503/cmaj.121802
– volume: 350
  start-page: h176
  year: 2015
  ident: ref4
  article-title: Managing patients with multimorbidity in primary care
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.h176
– volume: 49
  start-page: 605
  year: 2011
  ident: ref44
  article-title: Impact of comorbidity type on measures of quality for diabetes care
  publication-title: Med Care
  doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31820f0ed0
– volume: 7
  start-page: 24
  year: 2012
  ident: ref25
  article-title: A cluster randomised stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted information technology-based intervention in reducing high-risk prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelets in primary medical care: The DQIP study protocol
  publication-title: Implement Sci
  doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-7-24
– volume: 5
  year: 2015
  ident: ref51
  article-title: Achieving change in primary care—effectiveness of strategies for improving implementation of complex interventions: systematic review of reviews
  publication-title: BMJ Open
– volume: 351
  start-page: 1448
  year: 2004
  ident: ref23
  article-title: Linking physicians' pay to the quality of care—a major experiment in the United Kingdom
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMhpr041294
– volume: 10
  start-page: 461
  year: 2012
  ident: ref39
  article-title: Pay-for-performance in the United Kingdom: Impact of the quality and outcomes framework—a systematic review
  publication-title: Ann Fam Med
  doi: 10.1370/afm.1377
– volume: 3
  year: 2013
  ident: ref36
  article-title: Relationship between quality of care and choice of clinical computing system: retrospective analysis of family practice performance under the UK's quality and outcomes framework
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003190
– volume: 16
  start-page: 156
  year: 2015
  ident: ref8
  article-title: Developing 'high impact' guideline-based quality indicators for UK primary care: a multi-stage consensus process
  publication-title: BMC Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1186/s12875-015-0350-6
– year: 2013
  ident: ref7
  article-title: New models of primary care
– year: 2010
  ident: ref6
  article-title: Quality improvement in general practice
– volume: 12
  start-page: 421
  year: 2003
  ident: ref16
  article-title: Assessing the quality of care of multiple conditions in general practice: practical and methodological problems
  publication-title: Qual Saf Health Care
  doi: 10.1136/qhc.12.6.421
– volume: 5
  year: 2015
  ident: ref42
  article-title: Bad apples or spoiled barrels? Multilevel modelling analysis of variation in high-risk prescribing in Scotland between general practitioners and between the practices they work in
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008270
– volume: 309
  start-page: 1351
  year: 2013
  ident: ref19
  article-title: The inevitable application of big data to health care
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.393
– volume: 7
  start-page: 68
  year: 2006
  ident: ref29
  article-title: The relationship between general practice characteristics and quality of care: a national survey of quality indicators used in the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework, 2004–5
  publication-title: BMC Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-7-68
– volume: 40
  start-page: 675
  year: 2011
  ident: ref40
  article-title: Attitudes of physicians regarding anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review
  publication-title: Age Ageing
  doi: 10.1093/ageing/afr097
– volume: 337
  start-page: a957
  year: 2008
  ident: ref17
  article-title: Self reported receipt of care consistent with 32 quality indicators: national population survey of adults aged 50 or more in England
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.a957
– volume: 62
  start-page: 67
  year: 2009
  ident: ref34
  article-title: Factors distinguishing general practitioners who more readily participated in a large randomized trial were identified
  publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.014
– volume: 176
  start-page: 1778
  year: 2016
  ident: ref33
  article-title: The Quality of Outpatient Care Delivered to Adults in the United States, 2002 to 2013
  publication-title: JAMA Intern Med
  doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6217
– volume: 351
  year: 2015
  ident: ref41
  article-title: Examining variations in prescribing safety in UK general practice: cross sectional study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 14
  start-page: 23
  year: 2013
  ident: ref46
  article-title: Are family practice trainers and their host practices any better? comparing practice trainers and non-trainers and their practices
  publication-title: BMC Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-23
– volume: 331
  start-page: 1121
  year: 2005
  ident: ref15
  article-title: Improvements in quality of clinical care in English general practice 1998–2003: longitudinal observational study
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.38632.611123.AE
– volume: 8
  start-page: iii
  year: 2004
  ident: ref50
  article-title: Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies
  publication-title: Health Technol Assess
  doi: 10.3310/hta8060
– volume: 63
  start-page: e604
  year: 2013
  ident: ref28
  article-title: Does practice size matter? Review of effects on quality of care in primary care
  publication-title: Br J Gen Pract
  doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X671588
– volume: 33
  start-page: 200
  year: 2016
  ident: ref31
  article-title: Optimizing primary care research participation: a comparison of three recruitment methods in data-sharing studies
  publication-title: Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmw003
– year: 2015
  ident: ref21
  article-title: NHS Atlas of Variation in Healthcare
– volume: 6
  start-page: e25987
  year: 2011
  ident: ref10
  article-title: Current guidelines have limited applicability to patients with comorbid conditions: a systematic analysis of evidence-based guidelines
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025987
– year: 2013
  ident: ref22
  article-title: Improving outcomes for people with, or at risk of, cardiovascular disease
– year: 2006
  ident: ref2
  article-title: A review of UK health research funding
– volume: 12
  start-page: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: ref26
  article-title: Quality and safety of medication use in primary care: consensus validation of a new set of explicit medication assessment criteria and prioritisation of topics for improvement
  publication-title: BMC Clin Pharmacol
  doi: 10.1186/1472-6904-12-5
– volume: 27
  start-page: 186
  year: 2010
  ident: ref18
  article-title: Predictors of the quality of care for asthma in general practice: an observational study
  publication-title: Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmp095
– volume: 356
  start-page: 2496
  year: 2007
  ident: ref43
  article-title: Relationship between number of medical conditions and quality of care
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa066253
– volume: 4
  start-page: 18
  year: 2009
  ident: ref1
  article-title: An implementation research agenda
  publication-title: Implement Sci
  doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-4-18
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: ref52
  article-title: Action to Support Practices Implement Research Evidence (ASPIRE): protocol for a cluster-randomised evaluation of adaptable implementation packages targeting ‘high impact’ clinical practice recommendations in general practice
  publication-title: Implement Sci
– volume: 354
  start-page: i4060
  year: 2016
  ident: ref24
  article-title: Quality and Outcomes Framework: what have we learnt?
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4060
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  ident: ref47
  article-title: Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to understand adherence to multiple evidence-based indicators in primary care: A qualitative study
  publication-title: Implement Sci
– volume: 337
  year: 2008
  ident: ref37
  article-title: Collection of data on ethnic origin in England
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1107
– volume: 350
  start-page: h949
  year: 2015
  ident: ref9
  article-title: Drug-disease and drug-drug interactions: systematic examination of recommendations in 12 UK national clinical guidelines
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.h949
– volume: 52
  start-page: S2
  issue: Suppl
  year: 2002
  ident: ref14
  article-title: General practice: continuous quality improvement since 1948
  publication-title: Br J Gen Pract
– volume: 70
  start-page: 298
  year: 2012
  ident: ref45
  article-title: Comorbidity complicates cardiovascular treatment: is diabetes the exception?
  publication-title: Neth J Med
SSID ssj0053866
Score 2.3745935
Snippet There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing interest...
Background There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a...
BackgroundThere are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a growing...
Background There are widely recognised variations in the delivery and outcomes of healthcare but an incomplete understanding of their causes. There is a...
SourceID plos
doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage e0177949
SubjectTerms Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Anticoagulants
Atrial Fibrillation - therapy
Blood pressure
Cardiac arrhythmia
Clinical medicine
Clustering
Comorbidity
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data management
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - therapy
Disease control
Family medicine
Fibrillation
General Practice - standards
Health care
Health sciences
Heart attacks
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - therapy
Indicators
Information management
Kidney transplantation
Medical care
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial Infarction - therapy
Observational studies
Organizational aspects
Patients
Physicians
Practice Patterns, Physicians' - standards
Primary care
Primary Health Care - standards
Quality
Quality control
Quality Indicators, Health Care
R&D
Regression Analysis
Regression models
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - therapy
Research & development
Statistical analysis
United Kingdom
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9NAEF6hiAMXRHnVkMKCkACJbWN7_eIWEBVcCuJR9bbaZ4lU2VGdUPHvmdldWzWqVA5cMxMrmZmdh3fmG0JeKM3zzNaOWSiSGYeQzCALcQyxxkxdLKwyYdlEdXRUn5w0Xy6t-sKesAAPHAR3IBtZqoXJUtkYrlylUgU5tlkoiHyuLBx6X8h6hmIq-GA4xWUZB-XyKj2Ietlfd63dBxsEI2wmgcjj9Y9eebY-6_qrUs6_OycvhaLDO-R2zCHpMvz2HXLDtnfJTjylPX0VoaRf3yMXx1AKh3dydNVSbJy0HiB8QztHbdwoyjCUmTcUoYtZGJukYdjyN8UrbY2FuX_AaXgyHWar3tJlSzs1vtkFkservU9-HH74_v4ji6sWmC6bbMOstdKlEM8qDapqdGUU1BnKKRCUszxzZQqlcs6tgXDuNHanpKmupYFsS9VG5g_IrAXh7hJaKFk6qbWzwJ-nRiJkvuJlJvPUysIlJB_kLnTEIcd1GGfCX65VUI8EMQrUlojaSggbv7UOOBzX8L9DlY68iKLtPwDbEtG2xHW2lZCnaBAijKSOvkAseVNznkM1mJDnngORNFps1TmV274Xnz4f_wPTt68TppeRyXUgDi3jeAT8J0TomnDOJ5zgD_SEvIvmO0ilF1CRQxoNmTkIZT6Y9NXkZyMZH4rtd63ttsgDWS4uJ88S8jCcgFGyeFMOlCoh1eRsTEQ_pbSrnx7IvPDZKn_0P3T1mNzKMONCzNN8Tmab863dIzf1r82qP3_ivcMfojNtrg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  dbid: P5Z
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Zb9QwELZg4YEXoFwNFDAICZBwu0mcixe0ICp4KRVHVfXF8rmsVCXLZhfEv2fGcQJBFSDxmplYyVye8fENIY-U5mliS8csFMmMw5TMIAtxDLHGTJlNrTJds4ni4KA8Pq4Ow4JbG45V9jHRB2rTaFwj34O6ApIByC-qF8svDLtG4e5qaKFxnlxAlAR0zMPspI_E4Mt5Hq7LpUW8F7Szu2xquwuWCKZYjaYjj9o_xObJ8rRpz0o8fz8_-cuEtH_lf3_lKrkcUlE662xni5yz9TWyFZy9pU8CIvXT6-TbEVTU3dIeXdQUz19ajzO-po2jNjQmZTgjmmcUEZBZd_uSdnc2v1PcGddY3_sB5t3ItL-i9ZzOatqoYYEYSB729gb5tP_646s3LHRsYDqvkjWz1koXw7RYaNB4pQujoFxRToGkneWJy2OouFNuDWQFTuMhlzjWpTSQtKnSyPQmmdSgnW1CMyVzJ7V2FvjT2EhE3lc8T2QaW5m5iKS94oQOcObYVeNU-D26AsqaTowC1S2CuiPChreWHZzHX_hfok0MvAjG7R80q7kIvi1kJXM1NUksK8OVK1SsoAw0UwXf7XL81PtoUaK72TqEFDHjVcl5CkVlRB56DgTkqPHEz1xu2la8fXf0D0wf3o-YHgcm14A4tAy3LOCfEOhrxLkz4oSwokfkbbT_Xiqt-Gm18GZv12eTHwxkHBRP8dW22SAPJMvY4zyJyK3OhQbJ4oY7UIqIFCPnGol-TKkXnz0eeuaTXn77z591h1xKMCVDUNR0h0zWq429Sy7qr-tFu7rnA8cPJq97HQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Variations in achievement of evidence-based, high-impact quality indicators in general practice: An observational study
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28704407
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1919515409
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1927304402
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5509104
https://doaj.org/article/a9a6b0d21a9d4bf7b1b487d0b431f65f
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177949
Volume 12
WOSCitedRecordID wos000405649700004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Agricultural Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M0K
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Environmental Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PATMY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Materials Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: KB.
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7RV
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Public Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 8C1
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVATS
  databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: FPL
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/
  providerName: Public Library of Science
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELdYxwMvg_G1QikGIQHSUpqP5oO3dlrFNFaiDqrCS-TPrdKUVEsL4r_nznEDmTYBL_eQO1vO2Wff2eefCXnFReB7KtaOgiDZCWBJdsAL0Q5ijcl40FdcVo9NRJNJPJ8n6e9A8coJvh-576xOe8siVz0YPzCAki2y7flhiClc4_TjZuYF2w1Dez3uppKN5ceg9NdzcWt5UZTXOZpX8yX_WIDGd_-36ffIjnU16bAaG7vklsrvk11rzCV9YxGn3z4gP2YQMVdbd3SRU8yvVAZHfEULTZV9eNTBFU_uU0Q4dqrblbS6k_mT4sm3wPjdVHBW1Uw3V7De02FOC15vAAPLwNo-JF_Gh58PPjj2RQZHhIm3cpRSTLuw7EUCejQRkeQQjnDN4ce0CjwduhBR-4GSsOprgUksritiJsEp47Fk_iPSykEZe4QOOAs1E0IrkPddyRBZnwehx3xXsYFuE3_TUZmwcOX4asZFZs7gIghbKjVmqN3MardNnLrUsoLr-Iv8CMdALYtg2-YDdGNmbTdjCQt5X3ouS2TAdcRdDmGe7HNotw6xqc9xBGXVzdV6ysiGQRIHgQ9BY5u8NBIIuJFjRs8ZW5dldvRp9g9Cp9OG0GsrpAtQh2D2FgX8EwJ5NSQ7DUmYNkSDvYfjfaOVMoPAHbxtcOBBKZ2NDVzPflGzsVLM0stVsUYZcIbxDXOvTR5XJlNrFg_UgRO1SdQwpobqm5x8cW7wzgfGqQ2e3Nzip-SOh-4WAp76HdJaXa7VM3JbfF8tyssu2YqmM6TzyNAYaHzgdsn26HCSTrtmH6ZrphKgx6Me0JP-MdIoNfQUaDr4BiXSo5P06y9QyXX-
linkProvider Public Library of Science
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3db9NADD-NggQvwPhaYbADgQCJbE1yzQcSQuVjWrVRJhhT38J9lkpTUpqWaf8UfyP25RIImoCXPfBaO6erY_vsi_0zIQ-FZGGgE-NpSJI9BkeyB1GI8RBrTCX9nhaqGjYRj0bJeJzur5DvdS8MllXWPtE6alVIvCPfgrwCggGIL9KXs68eTo3Cr6v1CI1KLXb1yTGkbOWL4Rt4v4-CYPvtwesdz00V8GSUBgtPa82ND647lrCrVMZKQEgtjEhZajQLTORDVhgyreDkMhILMXxfJlxBYCESxUNY9xw5D348xhKyeNwkeOA7osi154Wxv-W0YXNW5HoTNB9UP20df3ZKQHMWdGZHRXlaoPt7veYvB-D2lf9NdFfJZRdq00FlG6tkRefXyKpzZiV94hC3n14nx4d8XqloSac5xfpSbXHUF7QwVLvBqx6e-OoZRYRnr-oupVVP6gnFL_8S7y_sApNqZVq3oD2ng5wWorkAB5KF9b1BPp2JAG6STg7asEZoX_DIcCmNBv7QVxwnCwgWBTz0Ne-bLglrRcmkg2vHqSFHmf0GGUPaVokxQ_XKnHp1idc8NavgSv7C_wp1sOFFsHH7QzGfZM53ZTzlkeipwOepYsLEwheQ5qqegH2bCLe6gRqcVZ27jcvMBixNGAshae6SB5YDAUdyrGia8GVZZsP3h__A9PFDi-mxYzIFiENy10UC_wmBzFqc6y1OcJuyRV5De6ulUmY_rQSerO3odPL9hoyLYpVirosl8kAygDPcgy65VZlsI1ksKABK3CVxy5hbom9T8ukXi_fet0E9u_3nbW2QizsH7_ayveFo9w65FGD4iQCw4TrpLOZLfZdckN8W03J-zzotSj6ftan_AKMH2JQ
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3db9NADD-NghAvwPhaYbADgQCJrE1yzQcSQoUxUQ2Vio9p4iXcZ6k0JaVpmfav8ddhXy6BoAl42QOvtXO6OrbPvtg_E3JfSBYGOjGehiTZY3AkexCFGA-xxlQy6GuhqmET8XicHBykkzXyve6FwbLK2idaR60KiXfkPcgrIBiA-CLtGVcWMdnZfT7_6uEEKfzSWo_TqFRkTx8fQfpWPhvtwLt-EAS7rz68fO25CQOejNJg6WmtufHBjccSdpjKWAkIr4URKUuNZoGJfMgQQ6YVnGJGYlGG78uEKwgyRKJ4COueIWdjyDEx8ZsMPtWnAPiRKHKtemHs95xmbM-LXG-DFYAZpK2j0E4MaM6FzvywKE8Ken-v3fzlMNy99D-L8TK56EJwOqxsZp2s6fwKWXdOrqSPHBL346vkaJ8vKtUt6SynWHeqLb76khaGajeQ1cNIQD2hiPzsVV2ntOpVPaZYESDxXsMuMK1WpnVr2lM6zGkhmotxIFm432vk46kI4Drp5KAZG4QOBI8Ml9Jo4A99xXHigGBRwENf84HpkrBWmkw6GHecJnKY2W-TMaRzlRgzVLXMqVqXeM1T8wrG5C_8L1AfG14EIbc_FItp5nxaxlMeib4KfJ4qJkwsfAHpr-oL2LeJcKtbqM1Z1dHbuNJsyNKEsRCS6S65ZzkQiCRHXZzyVVlmo7f7_8D0_l2L6aFjMgWIQ3LXXQL_CQHOWpybLU5wp7JF3kDbq6VSZj8tBp6sbepk8t2GjIti9WKuixXyQJKAs92DLrlRmW8jWSw0AErcJXHLsFuib1Py2ReLAz-wwT67-edtbZHzYOHZm9F47xa5EGBUiriw4SbpLBcrfZuck9-Ws3Jxx_ovSj6ftqX_AG7b4Yc
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Variations+in+achievement+of+evidence-based%2C+high-impact+quality+indicators+in+general+practice%3A+An+observational+study&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Willis%2C+Thomas+A.&rft.au=West%2C+Robert&rft.au=Rushforth%2C+Bruno&rft.au=Stokes%2C+Tim&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0177949&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0177949&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1371_journal_pone_0177949
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon