Primary Care Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type-2 Diabetes: The ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease)
This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a patient physical exam and medical histo...
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| Published in: | PloS one Vol. 9; no. 11; p. e110535 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
26.11.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a patient physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR); two patient quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with T2DM and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 patients, 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and albuminuria; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those patients were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing patients with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported patients seen per week. Awareness or patient self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of T2DM demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness. |
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| AbstractList | This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a patient physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR); two patient quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with T2DM and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 patients, 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and albuminuria; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those patients were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing patients with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported patients seen per week. Awareness or patient self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of T2DM demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness. This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a patient physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR); two patient quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with T2DM and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 patients, 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and albuminuria; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those patients were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing patients with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported patients seen per week. Awareness or patient self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of T2DM demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness.This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a patient physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR); two patient quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with T2DM and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 patients, 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and albuminuria; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those patients were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing patients with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported patients seen per week. Awareness or patient self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of T2DM demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Szczech, Lynda A. DeLoskey, Richard J. Astor, Brad C. McCullough, Peter A. Stewart, Rebecca C. Fox, Chester H. Vassalotti, Joseph A. Su, Hsu-Lin |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Durham Nephrology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America 6 Baylor Health Care System, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States of America 5 Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America 7 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America University of Florida, United States of America 4 Departments of Medicine and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America 3 Covance Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America 2 Scientific Activities Department, The National Kidney Foundation, Inc., New York, New York, United States of America |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Departments of Medicine and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America – name: University of Florida, United States of America – name: 1 Durham Nephrology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America – name: 5 Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America – name: 6 Baylor Health Care System, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States of America – name: 2 Scientific Activities Department, The National Kidney Foundation, Inc., New York, New York, United States of America – name: 3 Covance Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America – name: 7 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lynda A. surname: Szczech fullname: Szczech, Lynda A. – sequence: 2 givenname: Rebecca C. surname: Stewart fullname: Stewart, Rebecca C. – sequence: 3 givenname: Hsu-Lin surname: Su fullname: Su, Hsu-Lin – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard J. surname: DeLoskey fullname: DeLoskey, Richard J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Brad C. surname: Astor fullname: Astor, Brad C. – sequence: 6 givenname: Chester H. surname: Fox fullname: Fox, Chester H. – sequence: 7 givenname: Peter A. surname: McCullough fullname: McCullough, Peter A. – sequence: 8 givenname: Joseph A. surname: Vassalotti fullname: Vassalotti, Joseph A. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25427285$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science 2014 Szczech et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2014 Szczech et al 2014 Szczech et al |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 Conceived and designed the experiments: LS RS BA CF PM JV. Performed the experiments: LS RS HLS RJD BA CF PM JV. Analyzed the data: LS RS HLS RJD BA CF PM JV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LS RS BA CF PM JV. Wrote the paper: LS RS HLS RJD BA CF PM JV. Competing Interests: The study was financially sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Eli Lilly and Co., but the National Kidney Foundation was responsible for the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review and approval of the manuscript. Richard J. Deloskey and Hsu-Lin Su are employed by Covance Inc. Compensation at Covance is not dependent on the results of the study presented in the manuscript. Lynda A. Szczech is a nephrologist employed by Durham Nephrology Associates. Her compensation is not dependent on the results of the study presented in the manuscript. These interests do not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. |
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| References | ref13 ref12 LC Plantinga (ref14) 2008; 168 WF Clark (ref16) 2011; 22 ref11 ref10 (ref5) 2012; 35 SE Coresh J (ref1) 2007; 289 ref2 WC Foley RN (ref17) 2011; 79 Consortium Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis (ref15) 2010; 375 ref8 ref7 IH de Boer (ref3) 2011; 305 (ref6) 2002; 39 ref9 ref4 EJ Lewis (ref19) 2001; 345 LH Parving HH (ref20) 2001; 345 HL Lewis EJ (ref18) 1993; 329 |
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| Title | Primary Care Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type-2 Diabetes: The ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease) |
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