Implementation of a neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar: A mixed-methods study

Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflic...

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Vydáno v:PloS one Ročník 16; číslo 12; s. e0261470
Hlavní autoři: Guan, T. Hugh, Htut, Hnin Nandar, Davison, Colleen M., Sebastian, Shruti, Bartels, Susan Andrea, Aung, Soe Moe, Purkey, Eva
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Public Library of Science 20.12.2021
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ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
AbstractList Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Background Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. Methods A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. Conclusion A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Background Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. Methods A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. Conclusion A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar.BACKGROUNDHepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar.A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.METHODSA mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization.RESULTS46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization.A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.CONCLUSIONA community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
BackgroundHepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar.MethodsA mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Results46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization.ConclusionA community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Audience Academic
Author Purkey, Eva
Sebastian, Shruti
Guan, T. Hugh
Aung, Soe Moe
Davison, Colleen M.
Bartels, Susan Andrea
Htut, Hnin Nandar
AuthorAffiliation 2 B.K.Kee Foundation, University Avenue Road, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar
5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada
4 Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Mindemoya, Ontario, Canada
1 Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
6 Civil Health and Development Network, Loikaw, Karenni State, Myanmar
University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
– name: 4 Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Mindemoya, Ontario, Canada
– name: University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
– name: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
– name: 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada
– name: 2 B.K.Kee Foundation, University Avenue Road, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar
– name: 6 Civil Health and Development Network, Loikaw, Karenni State, Myanmar
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  givenname: T. Hugh
  surname: Guan
  fullname: Guan, T. Hugh
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  givenname: Hnin Nandar
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  fullname: Htut, Hnin Nandar
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  givenname: Colleen M.
  surname: Davison
  fullname: Davison, Colleen M.
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  surname: Sebastian
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-2782-3480
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  fullname: Bartels, Susan Andrea
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  givenname: Soe Moe
  surname: Aung
  fullname: Aung, Soe Moe
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  givenname: Eva
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6541-5053
  surname: Purkey
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34928996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_024_11413_1
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12978_024_01793_2
crossref_primary_10_1177_13563890231171608
crossref_primary_10_1186_s43058_023_00489_1
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal,...
Background Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not...
BackgroundHepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not...
Background Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not...
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SubjectTerms Adaptability
Adolescent
Adult
Antigens
Biology and Life Sciences
Birth
Births
Children
Codification
Drug dosages
Ethnic factors
Feasibility
Female
Health aspects
Health care
Health care facilities
Health facilities
Health sciences
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B - prevention & control
Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage
Hepatitis B Vaccines - therapeutic use
Hepatitis B virus
Humans
Immunization
Immunization Programs - methods
Immunization Programs - organization & administration
Immunization Schedule
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Newborn, Diseases - prevention & control
Infections
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control
Leadership
Liver cancer
Management
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Mixed methods research
Myanmar - epidemiology
Neonates
Newborn babies
People and Places
Population
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology
Prevention
Program Development
Public health
Qualitative analysis
Rural areas
Schedules
Statistical analysis
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viruses
Womens health
Young Adult
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Title Implementation of a neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar: A mixed-methods study
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