Multi-Task Linear Programming Discriminant Analysis for the Identification of Progressive MCI Individuals

Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early interventions. Many classification methods focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeox...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 9; no. 5; p. e96458
Main Authors:	Yu, Guan, Liu, Yufeng, Thung, Kim-Han, Shen, Dinggang
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 12.05.2014 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers disease Artificial intelligence Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Biomedical research Brain research Classification Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis Computer and Information Sciences Constraining Discriminant Analysis Electronic mail systems Female Gene expression Humans Image classification Linear programming Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical imaging Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Methods Missing data Neurodegenerative diseases Neuroimaging Neurology Neurosciences NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Operations research Physical Sciences Positron emission Positron emission tomography Programming, Linear Tomography North Carolina United States > US
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early interventions. Many classification methods focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). However, the main challenge for MCI classification using multiple imaging modalities is the existence of a lot of missing data in many subjects. For example, in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, almost half of the subjects do not have PET images. In this paper, we propose a new and flexible binary classification method, namely Multi-task Linear Programming Discriminant (MLPD) analysis, for the incomplete multi-source feature learning. Specifically, we decompose the classification problem into different classification tasks, i.e., one for each combination of available data sources. To solve all different classification tasks jointly, our proposed MLPD method links them together by constraining them to achieve the similar estimated mean difference between the two classes (under classification) for those shared features. Compared with the state-of-the-art incomplete Multi-Source Feature (iMSF) learning method, instead of constraining different classification tasks to choose a common feature subset for those shared features, MLPD can flexibly and adaptively choose different feature subsets for different classification tasks. Furthermore, our proposed MLPD method can be efficiently implemented by linear programming. To validate our MLPD method, we perform experiments on the ADNI baseline dataset with the incomplete MRI and PET images from 167 progressive MCI (pMCI) subjects and 226 stable MCI (sMCI) subjects. We further compared our method with the iMSF method (using incomplete MRI and PET images) and also the single-task classification method (using only MRI or only subjects with both MRI and PET images). Experimental results show very promising performance of our proposed MLPD method.
AbstractList	Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early interventions. Many classification methods focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). However, the main challenge for MCI classification using multiple imaging modalities is the existence of a lot of missing data in many subjects. For example, in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, almost half of the subjects do not have PET images. In this paper, we propose a new and flexible binary classification method, namely Multi-task Linear Programming Discriminant (MLPD) analysis, for the incomplete multi-source feature learning. Specifically, we decompose the classification problem into different classification tasks, i.e., one for each combination of available data sources. To solve all different classification tasks jointly, our proposed MLPD method links them together by constraining them to achieve the similar estimated mean difference between the two classes (under classification) for those shared features. Compared with the state-of-the-art incomplete Multi-Source Feature (iMSF) learning method, instead of constraining different classification tasks to choose a common feature subset for those shared features, MLPD can flexibly and adaptively choose different feature subsets for different classification tasks. Furthermore, our proposed MLPD method can be efficiently implemented by linear programming. To validate our MLPD method, we perform experiments on the ADNI baseline dataset with the incomplete MRI and PET images from 167 progressive MCI (pMCI) subjects and 226 stable MCI (sMCI) subjects. We further compared our method with the iMSF method (using incomplete MRI and PET images) and also the single-task classification method (using only MRI or only subjects with both MRI and PET images). Experimental results show very promising performance of our proposed MLPD method. Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early interventions. Many classification methods focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). However, the main challenge for MCI classification using multiple imaging modalities is the existence of a lot of missing data in many subjects. For example, in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, almost half of the subjects do not have PET images. In this paper, we propose a new and flexible binary classification method, namely Multi-task Linear Programming Discriminant (MLPD) analysis, for the incomplete multi-source feature learning. Specifically, we decompose the classification problem into different classification tasks, i.e., one for each combination of available data sources. To solve all different classification tasks jointly, our proposed MLPD method links them together by constraining them to achieve the similar estimated mean difference between the two classes (under classification) for those shared features. Compared with the state-of-the-art incomplete Multi-Source Feature (iMSF) learning method, instead of constraining different classification tasks to choose a common feature subset for those shared features, MLPD can flexibly and adaptively choose different feature subsets for different classification tasks. Furthermore, our proposed MLPD method can be efficiently implemented by linear programming. To validate our MLPD method, we perform experiments on the ADNI baseline dataset with the incomplete MRI and PET images from 167 progressive MCI (pMCI) subjects and 226 stable MCI (sMCI) subjects. We further compared our method with the iMSF method (using incomplete MRI and PET images) and also the single-task classification method (using only MRI or only subjects with both MRI and PET images). Experimental results show very promising performance of our proposed MLPD method.Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early interventions. Many classification methods focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). However, the main challenge for MCI classification using multiple imaging modalities is the existence of a lot of missing data in many subjects. For example, in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, almost half of the subjects do not have PET images. In this paper, we propose a new and flexible binary classification method, namely Multi-task Linear Programming Discriminant (MLPD) analysis, for the incomplete multi-source feature learning. Specifically, we decompose the classification problem into different classification tasks, i.e., one for each combination of available data sources. To solve all different classification tasks jointly, our proposed MLPD method links them together by constraining them to achieve the similar estimated mean difference between the two classes (under classification) for those shared features. Compared with the state-of-the-art incomplete Multi-Source Feature (iMSF) learning method, instead of constraining different classification tasks to choose a common feature subset for those shared features, MLPD can flexibly and adaptively choose different feature subsets for different classification tasks. Furthermore, our proposed MLPD method can be efficiently implemented by linear programming. To validate our MLPD method, we perform experiments on the ADNI baseline dataset with the incomplete MRI and PET images from 167 progressive MCI (pMCI) subjects and 226 stable MCI (sMCI) subjects. We further compared our method with the iMSF method (using incomplete MRI and PET images) and also the single-task classification method (using only MRI or only subjects with both MRI and PET images). Experimental results show very promising performance of our proposed MLPD method.
Audience	Academic
Author	Yu, Guan Thung, Kim-Han Shen, Dinggang Liu, Yufeng
AuthorAffiliation	Beijing Normal University, China 1 Department of Statistics and Operations Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 4 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 3 Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America – name: Beijing Normal University, China – name: 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea – name: 1 Department of Statistics and Operations Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America – name: 3 Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America – name: 4 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820966$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: GY YL DS. Performed the experiments: GY KT. Analyzed the data: GY KT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GY YL DS. Wrote the paper: GY YL DS.
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Snippet	Accurately identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important for making early...
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SubjectTerms	Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers disease Artificial intelligence Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Biomedical research Brain research Classification Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis Computer and Information Sciences Constraining Discriminant Analysis Electronic mail systems Female Gene expression Humans Image classification Linear programming Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical imaging Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Methods Missing data Neurodegenerative diseases Neuroimaging Neurology Neurosciences NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Operations research Physical Sciences Positron emission Positron emission tomography Programming, Linear Tomography
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Title	Multi-Task Linear Programming Discriminant Analysis for the Identification of Progressive MCI Individuals
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