Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in Indonesian children: A cross-sectional study

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of infection and commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of young children, along with other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The objectives of this study were to estimate the carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhali...

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Published in:PloS one Vol. 13; no. 4; p. e0195098
Main Authors: Dunne, Eileen M., Murad, Chrysanti, Sudigdoadi, Sunaryati, Fadlyana, Eddy, Tarigan, Rodman, Indriyani, Sang Ayu Kompiyang, Pell, Casey L., Watts, Emma, Satzke, Catherine, Hinds, Jason, Dewi, Nurhandini Eka, Yani, Finny Fitry, Rusmil, Kusnandi, Mulholland, E. Kim, Kartasasmita, Cissy
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 12.04.2018
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Agglutination
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Children
Children & youth
Childrens health
Cross-sectional studies
Ear diseases
Epidemiology
Haemophilus influenzae
Hospitals
Latex
Latex agglutination
Medicine and Health Sciences
Moraxella catarrhalis
Nasopharynx
Pathogens
People and Places
Pneumonia
Research and Analysis Methods
Serotyping
Species
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Studies
Vaccines
Indonesia
Victoria Australia
United Kingdom > UK
Australia
Sumatra
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Summary:Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of infection and commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of young children, along with other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The objectives of this study were to estimate the carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in young children in Indonesia, and to examine interactions between these bacterial species. 302 healthy children aged 12-24 months were enrolled in community health centers in the Bandung, Central Lombok, and Padang regions. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and stored according to World Health Organization recommendations, and bacterial species detected by qPCR. Pneumococcal serotyping was conducted by microarray and latex agglutination/Quellung. Overall carriage prevalence was 49.5% for S. pneumoniae, 27.5% for H. influenzae, 42.7% for M. catarrhalis, and 7.3% for S. aureus. Prevalence of M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae, as well as pneumococcal serotype distribution, varied by region. Positive associations were observed for S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis (OR 3.07 [95%CI 1.91-4.94]), and H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis (OR 2.34 [95%CI 1.40-3.91]), and a negative association was found between M. catarrhalis and S. aureus (OR 0.06 [95%CI 0.01-0.43]). Densities of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were positively correlated when two of these species were present. Prior to pneumococcal vaccine introduction, pneumococcal carriage prevalence and serotype distribution varies among children living in different regions of Indonesia. Positive associations in both carriage and density identified among S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis suggest a synergistic relationship among these species with potential clinical implications.
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Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: EF, RT, KR, and CK have been investigators on clinical trials funded by Biofarma. JH is affiliated with BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Centre. BUGS Bioscience is a not-for-profit spin-out of St George’s, University of London (SGUL) founded to support molecular serotyping services and develop associated software. JH is employed by SGUL and not BUGS Bioscience. JH is co-founder, board member and shareholder of BUGS Bioscience but receives no personal income. JH is an investigator on studies conducted on behalf SGUL or BUGS Bioscience that are sponsored and/or funded by vaccine manufacturers including Pfizer, GlaxoSmithkline, Sanofi Pasteur and PATH. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0195098