Contact tracing indicators for COVID-19: Rapid scoping review and conceptual framework

Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one Vol. 17; no. 2; p. e0264433
Main Authors: Vogt, Florian, Kurup, Karishma Krishna, Mussleman, Paul, Habrun, Caroline, Crowe, Madeleine, Woodward, Alexandra, Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Giovanna, Kaldor, John, Vong, Sirenda, del Rio Vilas, Victor
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 28.02.2022
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date. We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction). We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction". Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
AbstractList Background Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction). Results We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area “financial resources”, the outcome area “transmission chain interruption”, and the impact area “incidence reduction”. Conclusions Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
BackgroundContact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date.MethodsWe conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction).ResultsWe identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction".ConclusionsAlmost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date. We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction). We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction". Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date.BACKGROUNDContact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date.We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction).METHODSWe conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction).We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction".RESULTSWe identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction".Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.CONCLUSIONSAlmost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date. We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction). We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area "financial resources", the outcome area "transmission chain interruption", and the impact area "incidence reduction". Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Background Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction). Results We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area “financial resources”, the outcome area “transmission chain interruption”, and the impact area “incidence reduction”. Conclusions Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Audience Academic
Author Vong, Sirenda
Crowe, Madeleine
del Rio Vilas, Victor
Kurup, Karishma Krishna
Habrun, Caroline
Woodward, Alexandra
Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Giovanna
Vogt, Florian
Mussleman, Paul
Kaldor, John
AuthorAffiliation 2 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, The Australian Capital Territory, Australia
6 Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
7 Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, U.S. Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
3 Independent Public Health Consultant, New Delhi, India
8 Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
9 South East Asia Regional Office, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
5 New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
Chinese University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG
4 University Libraries, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
1 The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
– name: 4 University Libraries, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
– name: Chinese University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG
– name: 2 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, The Australian Capital Territory, Australia
– name: 8 Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
– name: 9 South East Asia Regional Office, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
– name: 5 New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
– name: 7 Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, U.S. Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
– name: 6 Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
– name: 3 Independent Public Health Consultant, New Delhi, India
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Florian
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2686-3149
  surname: Vogt
  fullname: Vogt, Florian
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Karishma Krishna
  surname: Kurup
  fullname: Kurup, Karishma Krishna
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Paul
  surname: Mussleman
  fullname: Mussleman, Paul
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Caroline
  surname: Habrun
  fullname: Habrun, Caroline
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Madeleine
  surname: Crowe
  fullname: Crowe, Madeleine
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alexandra
  surname: Woodward
  fullname: Woodward, Alexandra
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Giovanna
  surname: Jaramillo-Gutierrez
  fullname: Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Giovanna
– sequence: 8
  givenname: John
  surname: Kaldor
  fullname: Kaldor, John
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Sirenda
  surname: Vong
  fullname: Vong, Sirenda
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Victor
  surname: del Rio Vilas
  fullname: del Rio Vilas, Victor
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35226699$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNk1uL1DAYhousuAf9B6IFQfRixiRNM81eCMt4GlgYWHVuQ5rDTMZOUpN0V_-9qdNdpssiUmjLl-d9k7zJd5odWWdVlj2HYAqLGXy3dZ23vJm2qTwFiGBcFI-yE0gLNCEIFEcH_8fZaQhbAMqiIuRJdlyUCBFC6Um2mjsbuYh59FwYu86NlUbw6HzItfP5fLlafJhAep5f8dbIPAjX9phX10bd5NzKXDgrVBs73uTa8526cf7H0-yx5k1Qz4bvWfb908dv8y-Ty-XnxfziciIIRXFCsawIkloCgQiYlVJrUoGZrGoIRK0wIBxQTVBNBaJSAM5hBWiNC4RKQGawOMte7n3bxgU2RBIYIgUuEQQQJWKxJ6TjW9Z6s-P-N3PcsL8F59eM-2hEo1iBhQQIwppqimeU11DXUlJaloAKjnjyej_M1tU7JYWyKbVmZDoesWbD1u6aVVWFMe2X-2Yw8O5np0JkOxOEahpulev2664wTe-EvrqHPry7gVrztAFjtevPsTdlF4SWCJOymCVq-gCVHql2Jh2f0ibVR4K3I0FiovoV17wLgS2-Xv0_u1yN2dcH7EbxJm6Ca7ponA1j8MVh0ncR317cBOA9ILwLwSt9h0DA-v64jYv1_cGG_kiy83syYSLvp0-JmObf4j9LmxRn
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19137979
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0004579
crossref_primary_10_2196_44728
crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare13030268
crossref_primary_10_17269_s41997_023_00773_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imu_2022_101125
crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed7060098
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_puhe_2025_02_019
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0271848
crossref_primary_10_2196_42678
Cites_doi 10.1186/s41182-020-00285-w
10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.092601.095644
10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
10.7326/M18-0850
10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.08.006
10.1177/109821409101200204
10.1126/science.abe2424
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science
2022 Vogt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2022 Vogt et al 2022 Vogt et al
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2022 Vogt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2022 Vogt et al 2022 Vogt et al
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
IOV
ISR
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7RV
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7X2
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
COVID
D1I
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
KB.
KB0
KL.
L6V
LK8
M0K
M0S
M1P
M7N
M7P
M7S
NAPCQ
P5Z
P62
P64
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
PYCSY
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0264433
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Immunology Abstracts
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Agricultural Science Collection
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Technology collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Materials Science Database
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biological Sciences
Agricultural Science Database
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Biological Science Database
Engineering Database
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database
Materials Science Collection (ProQuest)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Collection
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Agricultural Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Engineering Database
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Agricultural Science Collection
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
Entomology Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Immunology Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Agricultural Science Database




MEDLINE - Academic

MEDLINE


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Sciences (General)
Public Health
DocumentTitleAlternate Contact tracing indicators for COVID-19
EISSN 1932-6203
ExternalDocumentID 2634521012
oai_doaj_org_article_34cd0211b9f9479ab1fbdd995509ca2a
PMC8884491
A695246537
35226699
10_1371_journal_pone_0264433
Genre Journal Article
Scoping Review
GeographicLocations United States
New Mexico
United States--US
East Asia
Australia
Switzerland
New South Wales Australia
India
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States
– name: New Mexico
– name: New South Wales Australia
– name: Australia
– name: India
– name: Switzerland
– name: East Asia
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: World Health Organization
  grantid: 001
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
53G
5VS
7RV
7X2
7X7
7XC
88E
8AO
8C1
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAUCC
AAWOE
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACCTH
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
APEBS
ARAPS
ATCPS
BAIFH
BAWUL
BBNVY
BBTPI
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
D1I
D1J
D1K
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EMOBN
ESX
EX3
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IEA
IGS
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOV
IPY
ISE
ISR
ITC
K6-
KB.
KQ8
L6V
LK5
LK8
M0K
M1P
M48
M7P
M7R
M7S
M~E
NAPCQ
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
P62
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PV9
PYCSY
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
~02
~KM
ADRAZ
ALIPV
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
IPNFZ
NPM
RIG
BBORY
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
COVID
DWQXO
ESTFP
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
KL.
M7N
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
-
02
AAPBV
ABPTK
ADACO
BBAFP
KM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-94d862dfd0c26075dff6807d8b10cbe406a09f62b9c29dc0aa1809b4322506713
IEDL.DBID M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount 12
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000793394000023&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1932-6203
IngestDate Sun May 01 00:10:49 EDT 2022
Fri Oct 03 12:44:26 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 02:01:11 EST 2025
Sun Nov 09 14:43:31 EST 2025
Mon Oct 20 02:54:34 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 13:09:05 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 10:19:30 EST 2025
Wed Nov 26 10:44:21 EST 2025
Wed Nov 26 10:42:44 EST 2025
Thu May 22 21:22:25 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:45:52 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 06:02:46 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:39:18 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c692t-94d862dfd0c26075dff6807d8b10cbe406a09f62b9c29dc0aa1809b4322506713
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
content type line 14
ObjectType-Literature Review-2
ObjectType-Feature-3
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ORCID 0000-0003-2686-3149
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2634521012?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 35226699
PQID 2634521012
PQPubID 1436336
PageCount e0264433
ParticipantIDs plos_journals_2634521012
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_34cd0211b9f9479ab1fbdd995509ca2a
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8884491
proquest_miscellaneous_2634849634
proquest_journals_2634521012
gale_infotracmisc_A695246537
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A695246537
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A695246537
gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A695246537
gale_healthsolutions_A695246537
pubmed_primary_35226699
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0264433
crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0264433
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-02-28
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-02-28
PublicationDate_xml – month: 02
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-02-28
  day: 28
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS One
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References PRISMA Group (pone.0264433.ref021) 2009; 6
World Health Organization (pone.0264433.ref015) 2021
C Reeve (pone.0264433.ref018) 2015; 53
UK National Health System (pone.0264433.ref008)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (pone.0264433.ref001)
K Sun (pone.0264433.ref020) 2021; 371
C Habrun (pone.0264433.ref005)
T Girum (pone.0264433.ref002) 2020; 48
pone.0264433.ref009
RH Sartorius (pone.0264433.ref013) 1991; 12
World Health Organization (pone.0264433.ref003)
Clarivate Endnote (pone.0264433.ref011)
AC Tricco (pone.0264433.ref010) 2018; 169
World Health Organization (pone.0264433.ref007)
World Health Organization (pone.0264433.ref006)
pone.0264433.ref014
SF Derose (pone.0264433.ref017) 2002; 23
pone.0264433.ref012
pone.0264433.ref019
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (pone.0264433.ref004)
pone.0264433.ref016
References_xml – year: 2021
  ident: pone.0264433.ref015
  publication-title: Indicators.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: pone.0264433.ref002
  article-title: Global strategies and effectiveness for COVID-19 prevention through contact tracing, screening, quarantine, and isolation: a systematic review
  publication-title: Trop Med Health
  doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00285-w
– ident: pone.0264433.ref005
  article-title: A comparative analysis of COVID-19 contact tracing guidance across WHO member states and regions.
  publication-title: COVID-19 Knowledge Hub.
– ident: pone.0264433.ref003
  publication-title: Contact tracing in the context of COVID-19 –Interim guidance
– ident: pone.0264433.ref016
– ident: pone.0264433.ref012
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1
  year: 2002
  ident: pone.0264433.ref017
  article-title: Public health quality measurement: concepts and challenges
  publication-title: Annu Rev Public Health
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.092601.095644
– volume: 6
  start-page: e1000097
  issue: 7
  year: 2009
  ident: pone.0264433.ref021
  article-title: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.
  publication-title: PLoS Med
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
– ident: pone.0264433.ref006
  publication-title: COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response–Monitoring and evaluation framework
– ident: pone.0264433.ref014
– ident: pone.0264433.ref007
  article-title: Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network. Online global consultation on contact tracing for COVID-19
– ident: pone.0264433.ref019
– volume: 169
  start-page: 467
  issue: 7
  year: 2018
  ident: pone.0264433.ref010
  article-title: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
  publication-title: Ann Intern Med
  doi: 10.7326/M18-0850
– ident: pone.0264433.ref001
  publication-title: Case Investigation and Contact Tracing: Part of a Multipronged Approach to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic
– ident: pone.0264433.ref008
  article-title: The Good Indicators Guide: understanding how to use and choose indicators.
– volume: 53
  start-page: 91
  year: 2015
  ident: pone.0264433.ref018
  article-title: A comprehensive health service evaluation and monitoring framework
  publication-title: Eval Program Plann
  doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.08.006
– volume: 12
  start-page: 139
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  ident: pone.0264433.ref013
  article-title: The Logical Framework Approach to Project Design and Management
  publication-title: Evaluation Practice
  doi: 10.1177/109821409101200204
– ident: pone.0264433.ref011
– ident: pone.0264433.ref004
  article-title: Contact Tracing
– ident: pone.0264433.ref009
– volume: 371
  start-page: eabe2424
  issue: 6526
  year: 2021
  ident: pone.0264433.ref020
  article-title: Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abe2424
SSID ssj0053866
Score 2.461174
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little...
Background Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is...
BackgroundContact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is...
Background Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is...
SourceID plos
doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage e0264433
SubjectTerms Biology and life sciences
Chains
Citation management software
Contact
Contact Tracing
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
Disease transmission
Epidemics
Grey literature
Health surveillance
Human resources
Humans
Incidence
Indicators
Infection control
Infections
Literature reviews
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Mobile Applications
Pandemics
Pandemics - prevention & control
Performance enhancement
Public health
Quarantine
Reduction
Research and Analysis Methods
Reviews
SARS-CoV-2
Search engines
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Social Sciences
Surveillance
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELbQigMXRHk1UMAgJOCQNg83znArhYpKqEUFVr1FzjiGlarsqtnl9zMTO1GDKpUDlz2sJ9nNPDzfKDOfhXhtcgOImMeUXzBW2mBMKMTGjTIuNVATQu7Z9b_ok5Py_By-Xjnqi3vCPD2wV9xertBSHkprcKA0mDp1tbUAhKwBTdZDI0I9QzHl92CK4qIIg3K5TveCXXZXy7bZTRgD5PkkEfV8_eOuPFtdLLvrIOffnZNXUtHRPXE3YEh54P_7lrjVtPfFVojSTr4NVNLvHog5k08ZXEu6DVKSkvyGGrnO7iShVXl4Oj_-GKfwXp6Z1cJKnlFhMT_QIk1rJfq5xg39oBsauR6KH0efvh9-jsNJCjEWkK1jUJYqF-tsglS_6H3rXFEm2pZ1mmDdUFI3CbgiqwEzsJgYw7ReteJop3SW5o_ErCXdbQtZN6Bq2l4xsaWCRpdY2hzBuYyQTYY6Evmg1goDzTifdnFR9e_ONJUbXksVG6MKxohEPF618jQbN8h_YIuNskyS3X9BrlMF16lucp1IvGB7V37idAz16qCA_Yx55-hhXvUSTJTRcifOT7Ppuur4dP4PQt_OJkJvgpBbsslNmH6gZ2ICronkzkSSwh0ny9vsnYNWuiorckUYjIAGXTl47PXLL8dlvil317XNcuNlyJj0GYnH3sFHzfYAvQCIhJ64_kT105V28avnKS_LUilIn_wPWz0VdzIePOnJBHbEbH25aZ6J2_h7vegun_fB_wew2F8q
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access
  dbid: FPL
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fb9MwELag8IA0ARs_FhhgEBLwkJHEXpLjbQwqJk3bNKDaW-Sc41FpSqul5e_nLnEDmTYBL3moz5F9tu--q---CPHaKAOIqELyLxjqzGBIKMSGlTYuNlASQm7Z9Q-yw8P89BSOfweKl27wVRa_9zrdns_qajti_63UTXErUWnKKVzj44OV5aWzm6a-PO66ngP307L097Z4ND-fNVcBzcv5kn84oPG9_x36fXHXQ0252-2NdXGjqjfEWvc_nezKjzbEuj_cjXzrGajfPRAT5qwyuJA0DiTfJvliGzk8bySBXLl3NNn_FMbwQZ6Y-dRKLm1hsa4ORpraSuzKIZc0ALfK_3oovo8_f9v7EvoPMISYQrIIQVsKeKyzEVLYk-1Y59I8ymxexhGWFWEBE4FLkxIwAYuRMcwGVmo2EuQFY_VIjGqa-6aQZQW6JKuMkc01VFmOuVUIziUEiBLMAqFW61KgZyfnj2ScF-2VW0ZRSqe1gpVZeGUGIux7zTt2jr_If-Ql72WZW7v9gVat8Ee1UBotIZ-4BAc6A1PGrrQWgGI5QJOYQLzgDVN0haq9hSh2U9hJmK6OJvOqlWB-jZoTeM7MsmmK_aPJPwh9PRkIvfFCbsZLbnzRBM2JebsGklsDSbISOGje5O290kpTJKnSBN0In1DP1Za_uvll38wv5aS8upotOxlaTHoG4nF3QnrNtrg-BQhENjg7A9UPW-rpj5bePM9zrSF-cv2In4o7CVehtMwCW2K0uFhWz8Rt_LmYNhfPW5vwCwNGYAA
  priority: 102
  providerName: Public Library of Science
Title Contact tracing indicators for COVID-19: Rapid scoping review and conceptual framework
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35226699
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2634521012
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2634849634
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8884491
https://doaj.org/article/34cd0211b9f9479ab1fbdd995509ca2a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264433
Volume 17
WOSCitedRecordID wos000793394000023&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Agriculture Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M0K
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Environmental Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PATMY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Materials Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: KB.
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7RV
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Public Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 8C1
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVATS
  databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: FPL
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/
  providerName: Public Library of Science
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELdYxwMSAjY-VhjFICTgIV2-Gse8oLWsotpX1EFVeIkcOxmVpqQ0LX8_d44TCJoAiZd7qM9V7Dvfne27nwl5KTzBpZSeBf5FWj4T0oIoRFmpLzJH8AQiZI2uf8LOzsL5nEfmwK00aZW1TdSGWhUSz8gP3MDzwdWAPX23_Gbhq1F4u2qe0Ngi24iS4OnUvai2xLCWg8CUy3nMOTDS6S-LPO3bGAl4XssdadT-xjZ3lldFeV3g-Xv-5C8OaXz3f4dyj9wxoSg9rHRnh9xI811yuzrHo1V50i7ZMYu_pK8NQvWb-2SGmFZCril8lwTfR_HiW-L2vaQQBNPR-Wzy3nL4WzoVy4WiWPqCbFWdDBW5orIql9zAB2R1ftgD8ml89HH0wTIPNFgy4O7a4r6CDZHKlC1hW8QGKsuC0GYqTBxbJinECsLmWeAmXLpcSVsIRAtLfDQi4CUd7yHp5CCMPUKTlPsJWG1pq9DnKQtlqDzJs8yFgMmVrEu8Wk6xNOjl-IjGVayv5BjsYqpZi1G6sZFul1hNr2WF3vEX_iGqQMOL2Nv6h2J1GZulHHu-VBAZOQnPuM-4SJwsUYpz2OtxKVzRJc9QgeKqkLWxIPFhwAcuwtnBYF5oDsTfyDHB51JsyjKenM_-geli2mJ6ZZiyAkUuTFEFjAlxvVqc-y1OsCKy1byH6l7PShn_VFLoWavx9c3Pm2b8U0zay9NiU_GAMIF2yaNqxTQzq-P-gPMuYa211Jr6dku--Krhz8Mw9H3uPP7zZz0ht1ysVNHoA_uks15t0qfkpvy-XpSrHtli0xnSOdM0BBqOnB7ZHh6dRdOePpoBOo5OgB4P-0BP7eOeti-aXgCNBl-gRzQ5jT7_ABPffjE
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3fb9MwELZGQQIJARs_VhjMIBDwkC1xsiRGQmhsTKtWOlRGtbfgnJNRaUpC04L4p_gbuUucQNAEvOyBlz7Ulyi2774723efGXusXCUBwLXQv4DlBQosjEK0lXgqdZSMMUKu2PWHwWgUHh_Ld0vse1MLQ2mVDSZWQK1zoD3yTeG7HroaxNNXxWeLbo2i09XmCo1aLQ6Sb19xyVa-HOzi_D4RYu_N0c6-ZW4VsMCXYm5JT2MUr1NtA8bywZZOUz-0Ax3Gjg1xgg5O2TL1RSxBSA22UkRxFXuk-QjtjovvvcAuIo47lEIWjCcN8iN2-L4pz3MDZ9Now0aRZ8mGTZGH63bcX3VLQOsLesVpXp4V6P6er_mLA9y7_r8N3Q12zYTafLu2jWW2lGQr7Gq9T8nr8qsVtmzAreTPDAP385tsQpxdCuYcxwHQt3M62Afanig5Bvl853Ay2LUc-YKPVTHVnEp7SKyuA-Iq0xzqctAFfkDa5L_dYh_Opb-3WS_DyV9lPE6kF6NXAluHnkyCEELtgkxTgQGhgKDP3EYvIjDs7HRJyGlUHTkGuEqrRy0ibYqMNvWZ1T5V1Owkf5F_TSrXyhK3ePVHPjuJDFRFrgcaIz8nlqn0AqliJ421lhLXshKUUH22Tgob1YW6LUJG277cEkTXh515VEkQv0hGCUwnalGW0eBw8g9C78cdoadGKM1pypUpGsE-EW9ZR3KtI4koCZ3mVTKvZlTK6KdR4JON2Zzd_LBtppdSUmKW5ItaBicTf_vsTm2h7chW6xpfyj4LOrbbGfpuSzb9VNG7h2HoedK5--fPWmeX94_eDqPhYHRwj10RVJVTMS2ssd58tkjus0vwZT4tZw8qjOLs43lb9g8NGs0d
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3db9MwELdGQQgJARsfKwxmEAj2kDVfS2IkhEZLRbWpmwZUe8ucczwqTUlpWhD_Gn8dd4kTCJqAlz3w0of6EsXn-7J99zvGnkpPCgDwLPQvYPmhBAujEGWlvtSOFAlGyCW6_n44HkfHx-JwhX2va2EorbK2iaWhVjnQGXnPDTwfXQ3a0542aRGHg-Hr2WeLOkjRTWvdTqMSkb3021fcvhWvRgNc62euO3z7of_OMh0GLAiEu7CErzCiV1rZgHF9uKO0DiI7VFHi2JCk6OykLXTgJgJcocCWkuCuEp-0AM284-F7L7HLoYdSTFXq_Sa9BO1IEJhSPS90ekYytmd5lm7bFIV4XssVlh0DGr_QmZ3lxXlB7--5m784w-HN_5mNt9gNE4Lz3UpnVtlKmq2x69X5Ja_KstbYqjF6BX9hkLm3brMJYXlJWHDkCaDP53ThD3RsUXAM_nn_YDIaWI54yY_kbKo4lfwQWVUfxGWmOFRlokv8AF3nxd1hHy9kvndZJ0NBWGc8SYWfoLcCW0W-SMMIIuWB0NrFQNGFsMu8WkZiMKjt1DzkLC6vIkPcvVVci0myYiNZXWY1T80q1JK_0L8h8WtoCXO8_COfn8bGhMWeDwojQicRWvihkImjE6WEwD2uAOnKLtsk4Y2rAt7Gcsa7gdhxCcYPJ_OkpCDckYxE71QuiyIeHUz-gej9UYvouSHSOS25NMUkOCfCM2tRbrQo0XpCa3idVK3mShH_VBB8slah84cfN8P0UkpWzNJ8WdHgYuJvl92rtLXhbLnfCYTosrClxy3Wt0ey6acS9j2KIt8Xzv0_f9Ymu4oKHe-PxnsP2DWXinVKAIYN1lnMl-lDdgW-LKbF_FFprjg7uWjF_gGt_9V4
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contact+tracing+indicators+for+COVID-19%3A+Rapid+scoping+review+and+conceptual+framework&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=del+Rio+Vilas%2C+Victor&rft.au=Crowe%2C+Madeleine&rft.au=Kaldor%2C+John&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Florian&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0264433&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0264433&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=A695246537
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon