Variations of training load, monotony, and strain and dose-response relationships with maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength in professional soccer players

This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, an...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one Jg. 14; H. 12; S. e0225522
Hauptverfasser:	Clemente, Filipe Manuel, Clark, Cain, Castillo, Daniel, Sarmento, Hugo, Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros, Rosemann, Thomas, Knechtle, Beat
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 04.12.2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:	Adult Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Clark, Daniel Correlation Dose-response effects Exercise Exercise - physiology Fitness Football Global positioning systems GPS Humans Isokinetic strength Load Medicine and Health Sciences Monotony Muscle Strength - physiology Oxygen Oxygen Consumption - physiology Oxygen uptake Peak load Physical Fitness Physical Sciences Physical training Physiology Players Primary care Professional soccer Research and Analysis Methods Soccer Soccer players Social Sciences Sports injuries Strain Team sports Training Variation Portugal Switzerland
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile.
AbstractList	This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile. This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile.This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile.
Audience	Academic
Author	Knechtle, Beat Clemente, Filipe Manuel Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros Clark, Cain Sarmento, Hugo Castillo, Daniel Rosemann, Thomas
AuthorAffiliation	6 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece University of Rome, ITALY 1 Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Sport and Leisure, Melgaço, Portugal 5 Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal 7 Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 8 Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, Coventry, United Kingdom 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 5 Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal – name: 7 Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland – name: 8 Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland – name: University of Rome, ITALY – name: 2 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal – name: 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, Coventry, United Kingdom – name: 1 Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Sport and Leisure, Melgaço, Portugal – name: 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain – name: 6 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Filipe Manuel surname: Clemente fullname: Clemente, Filipe Manuel – sequence: 2 givenname: Cain surname: Clark fullname: Clark, Cain – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel orcidid: 0000-0002-4159-6475 surname: Castillo fullname: Castillo, Daniel – sequence: 4 givenname: Hugo surname: Sarmento fullname: Sarmento, Hugo – sequence: 5 givenname: Pantelis Theodoros surname: Nikolaidis fullname: Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas surname: Rosemann fullname: Rosemann, Thomas – sequence: 7 givenname: Beat orcidid: 0000-0002-2412-9103 surname: Knechtle fullname: Knechtle, Beat
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31800617$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science 2019 Clemente et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 Clemente et al 2019 Clemente et al
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RelatedPersons	Clark, Daniel
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SubjectTerms	Adult Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Clark, Daniel Correlation Dose-response effects Exercise Exercise - physiology Fitness Football Global positioning systems GPS Humans Isokinetic strength Load Medicine and Health Sciences Monotony Muscle Strength - physiology Oxygen Oxygen Consumption - physiology Oxygen uptake Peak load Physical Fitness Physical Sciences Physical training Physiology Players Primary care Professional soccer Research and Analysis Methods Soccer Soccer players Social Sciences Sports injuries Strain Team sports Training Variation
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Title	Variations of training load, monotony, and strain and dose-response relationships with maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength in professional soccer players
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