Critical care capacity in Haiti: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In thi...
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| Vydané v: | PloS one Ročník 14; číslo 6; s. e0218141 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
13.06.2019
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti.
Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018.
Haiti.
All Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds.
Electronic- and paper-based survey.
Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses.
Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. |
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| AbstractList | Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti. Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018. Haiti. Electronic- and paper-based survey. Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses. Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. Objective Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti. Design Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017–2018. Setting Haiti. Subjects All Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds. Interventions Electronic- and paper-based survey. Results Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses. Conclusions Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. Objective Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti. Design Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017–2018. Setting Haiti. Subjects All Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds. Interventions Electronic- and paper-based survey. Results Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses. Conclusions Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. ObjectiveCritical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti.DesignNationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018.SettingHaiti.SubjectsAll Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds.InterventionsElectronic- and paper-based survey.ResultsOf 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses.ConclusionsDespite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti.OBJECTIVECritical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti.Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018.DESIGNNationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018.Haiti.SETTINGHaiti.All Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds.SUBJECTSAll Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds.Electronic- and paper-based survey.INTERVENTIONSElectronic- and paper-based survey.Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses.RESULTSOf 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses.Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes.CONCLUSIONSDespite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. Critical illness affects health systems globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden. Due to a paucity of data, the capacity to care for critically ill patients in LMICs is largely unknown. Haiti has the lowest health indices in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, we report results of the first known nationwide survey of critical care capacity in Haiti. Nationwide, cross-sectional survey of Haitian hospitals in 2017-2018. Haiti. All Haitian health facilities with at least six hospital beds. Electronic- and paper-based survey. Of 51 health facilities identified, 39 (76.5%) from all ten Haitian administrative departments completed the survey, reporting 124 reported ICU beds nationally. Of facilities without an ICU, 20 (83.3%) care for critically ill patients in the emergency department. There is capacity to ventilate 62 patients nationally within ICUs and six patients outside of the ICU. One-third of facilities with ICUs report formal critical care training for their physicians. Only five facilities met criteria for a Level 1 ICU as defined by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Self-identified barriers to providing more effective critical care services include lack of physical space for critically ill patients, lack of equipment, and few formally trained physicians and nurses. Despite a high demand for critical care services in Haiti, current capacity remains insufficient to meet need. A significant amount of critical care in Haiti is provided outside of the ICU, highlighting the important overlap between emergency and critical care medicine in LMICs. Many ICUs in Haiti lack basic components for critical care delivery. Streamlining critical care services through protocol development, education, and training may improve important clinical outcomes. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Papali, Alfred Colas, L. Nathalie Augustin, Marc E. Williams, Sarah R. Lemos, Vivienne Barnes, Sean L. Liu, Shiping Losonczy, Lia I. Chandler, Jerry McCurdy, Michael T. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Taddle Creek Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 9 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 3 Department of Decision, Operations & Information Technologies, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America 4 Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America Medical University Graz, AUSTRIA 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 1 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 7 Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 6 Protection Civile Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 8 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Decision, Operations & Information Technologies, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America – name: 1 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America – name: 9 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America – name: 5 Taddle Creek Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – name: 6 Protection Civile Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti – name: Medical University Graz, AUSTRIA – name: 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America – name: 8 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America – name: 4 Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America – name: 7 Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lia I. surname: Losonczy fullname: Losonczy, Lia I. – sequence: 2 givenname: Sean L. surname: Barnes fullname: Barnes, Sean L. – sequence: 3 givenname: Shiping surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Shiping – sequence: 4 givenname: Sarah R. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Sarah R. – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael T. surname: McCurdy fullname: McCurdy, Michael T. – sequence: 6 givenname: Vivienne surname: Lemos fullname: Lemos, Vivienne – sequence: 7 givenname: Jerry orcidid: 0000-0002-1452-9293 surname: Chandler fullname: Chandler, Jerry – sequence: 8 givenname: L. Nathalie surname: Colas fullname: Colas, L. Nathalie – sequence: 9 givenname: Marc E. surname: Augustin fullname: Augustin, Marc E. – sequence: 10 givenname: Alfred orcidid: 0000-0001-6884-6465 surname: Papali fullname: Papali, Alfred |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31194795$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science 2019 Losonczy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 Losonczy et al 2019 Losonczy et al |
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| References_xml | – year: 2018 ident: ref23 article-title: The Global Health Service Partnership's point-of-care ultrasound initiatives in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda – ident: ref3 – volume: 3 start-page: S5 issue: Suppl 2 year: 2015 ident: ref33 article-title: Strengthening emergency care: experience in central Haiti – volume: 10 start-page: e0116949 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: ref1 article-title: Intensive Care Unit Capacity in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review – start-page: 45 issue: Suppl 2 year: 2014 ident: ref24 article-title: The Toronto-Addis Ababa academic collaboration: emergency medicine – volume: 192 start-page: 34 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: ref6 article-title: Trauma capacity in the central plateau department of Haiti – volume: 29 start-page: 764 issue: 5 year: 2014 ident: ref15 article-title: A cross-sectional survey of critical care services in Sri Lanka: a lower middle-income country – volume: 12 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: ref31 article-title: Assessment of survival in a pediatric intensive care unit in Lima, Peru – volume: 41 start-page: 222 year: 2017 ident: ref19 article-title: Treatment outcomes after implementation of an adapted WHO protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock in Haiti – ident: ref9 – volume: 43 start-page: 612 issue: 5 year: 2017 ident: ref22 article-title: Current challenges in the management of sepsis in ICUs in resource-poor settings and suggestions for the future – volume: 201 start-page: 126 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref5 article-title: A national trauma capacity assessment of Haiti – ident: ref11 – volume: 6 start-page: 44 year: 2018 ident: ref32 article-title: Teaching the Principles of Pediatric Critical Care to Non-Intensivists in Resource Limited Settings: Challenges and Opportunities – volume: 12 start-page: e0173483 issue: 3 year: 2017 ident: ref29 article-title: Impact of a structured ICU training programme in resource-limited settings in Asia – volume: 10 start-page: e0144801 issue: 12 year: 2015 ident: ref20 article-title: Vital Signs Directed Therapy: Improving Care in an Intensive Care Unit in a Low-Income Country – ident: ref4 – volume: 13 start-page: 451 issue: 4 year: 2016 ident: ref25 article-title: The East African Training Initiative. A Model Training Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine for Low-Income Countries – volume: 37 start-page: 270 year: 2017 ident: ref14 article-title: What is an intensive care unit? A report of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine – volume: 22 start-page: 232 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: ref21 article-title: The global burden of sepsis: barriers and potential solutions – volume: 30 start-page: 438.e7 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: ref34 article-title: Nursing intensive care skills training: a nurse led, short, structured, and practical training program, developed and tested in a resource-limited setting – volume: 91 start-page: 386 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: ref2 article-title: Health systems and services: the role of acute care – ident: ref26 – volume: 46 start-page: 1357 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: ref28 article-title: Increasing Evidence-Based Interventions in Patients with Acute Infections in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Before-and-After Feasibility Trial in Gitwe, Rwanda; Sepsis in Resource-Limited Nations Workgroup of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign – volume: 4 start-page: e7782 issue: 11 year: 2009 ident: ref27 article-title: Severe sepsis in two Ugandan hospitals: a prospective observational study of management and outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1 infected population. Promoting Resource-Limited Interventions for Sepsis Management in Uganda (PRISM-U) Study Group – volume: 3 start-page: e2019012 year: 2019 ident: ref35 article-title: Haiti Acute and Emergency Care Conference: descriptive analysis of an acute care continuing medical education program – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2012 ident: ref13 article-title: Critical care resources in the Solomon Islands: a cross-sectional survey – ident: ref8 – volume: 103 start-page: 751 issue: 10 year: 2013 ident: ref16 article-title: A critical analysis of ICU/HC beds in South Africa: 2008–2009 – ident: ref18 – volume: 30 start-page: 553 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: ref7 article-title: Emergency Care Capabilities in North East Haiti: A Cross-sectional Observational Study – ident: ref10 – volume: 43 start-page: 2452 issue: 11 year: 2015 ident: ref17 article-title: Critical care medicine beds, use, occupancy and costs in the United States: a methodological review – volume: 36 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 2012 ident: ref30 article-title: Pediatric intensive care in Latin America – ident: ref12 |
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| Title | Critical care capacity in Haiti: A nationwide cross-sectional survey |
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