Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

To assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial l...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 14; no. 2; p. e0211186
Main Authors:	Bikbov, Mukharram M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Gilmanshin, Timur R., Zainullin, Rinat M., Arslangareeva, Inga I., Salavatova, Venera F., Bikbova, Guzel M., Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Nikitin, Nikolai A., Zaynetdinov, Artur F., Nuriev, Ildar F., Khikmatullin, Renat I., Uzianbaeva, Yulia V., Yakupova, Dilya F., Aminev, Said K., Jonas, Jost B.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01.02.2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adult Age Age related diseases Aged Aged, 80 and over Anterior chamber Anthropomorphism Axial Length, Eye - anatomy & histology Axial Length, Eye - diagnostic imaging Axial Length, Eye - pathology Biology and Life Sciences Body height Confidence intervals Cornea Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnostic imaging Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology Diabetic Retinopathy - pathology Education Eye Eye diseases Female Glaucoma Health aspects Humans Intraocular pressure Macular degeneration Macular Degeneration - diagnostic imaging Macular Degeneration - epidemiology Macular Degeneration - pathology Male Medicine and Health Sciences Membranes Middle Aged Myopia Myopia - diagnostic imaging Myopia - epidemiology Myopia - pathology Normal distribution Physiological aspects Population Population studies Prevalence Reference Values Regression coefficients Retina Retinopathy Rural areas Russia - epidemiology Russians Social Sciences Statistical analysis Tessellation Thickness Ultrasonography Ultrasound Russia Beijing China Los Angeles California United States > US China Germany India
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Summary:	To assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial length was measured sonographically (Ultra-compact A/B/P ultrasound system, Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France). Biometric data were available for 5707 (96.7%) individuals with a mean age of 58.8±10.6 years (range:40-94 years; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 51.0, 58.0, 66.0 years, respectively). Mean axial length was 23.30±1.10 mm (range: 19.02-32.87mm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.36-25.89; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 22.65mm, 23.23mm, 23.88mm, resp.). Prevalences of moderate myopia (axial length:24.5-<26.5mm) and high myopia (axial length >26.5mm) were 555/5707 (8.7%;95%CI:9.0,10.5) and 78/5707 (1.4%;95%CI:1.1,1.7), respectively. Longer axial length (mean:23.30±1.10mm) was associated (correlation coefficient r2:0.70) with older age (P<0.001;standardized regression coefficient beta:0.14), taller body height (P<0.001;beta:0.07), higher level of education (P<0.001;beta:0.04), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001;beta:0.03), more myopic spherical refractive error (P<0.001;beta:-0.55), lower corneal refractive power (P<0.001;beta:-0.44), deeper anterior chamber depth (P<0.001;beta:0.20), wider anterior chamber angle (P<0.001;beta:0.05), thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P<0.001;beta:-0.04), higher degree of macular fundus tessellation (P<0.001;beta:0.08), lower prevalence of epiretinal membranes (P = 0.01;beta-0.02) and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.007;beta:-0.02) and higher prevalence of myopic maculopathy (P<0.001;beta:0.08). In that model, prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (any type: P = 0.84; early type: P = 0.46), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.16), and region of habitation (P = 0.27) were not significantly associated with axial length. Mean axial length in this typically multi-ethnic Russian study population was comparable with values from populations in Singapore and Beijing. In contrast to previous studies, axial length was not significantly related with the prevalences of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy or region of habitation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0211186