Effect of Natalizumab Treatment on Circulating Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and...
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| Published in: | PloS one Vol. 9; no. 7; p. e103716 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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30.07.2014
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| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
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| Abstract | Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment.
We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation.
Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. |
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| AbstractList | Objectives Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment. Results We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25–50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation. Conclusion Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment. We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation. Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin [alpha]4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Objectives Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment. Results We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25–50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation. Conclusion Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Objectives Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment. Results We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation. Conclusion Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin [alpha]4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment. We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation. Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment.We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation.Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).OBJECTIVESDendritic cells (DCs) serve a critical role both in promoting and inhibiting adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment on DC numbers, phenotype, and function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Frequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment.METHODSFrequency and phenotype of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (MDCs and PDCs, respectively) were analyzed in blood from two separate cohorts of untreated, interferon-treated, or NTZ-treated MS patients. In addition, PDCs were stimulated with CpG-containing oligonucleotides or co-cultured with homologous T cells in the presence or absence of NTZ in vitro to determine functional effects of NTZ treatment.We observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation.RESULTSWe observed that NTZ treatment was associated with a 25-50% reduction in PDC frequency in peripheral blood as compared to untreated MS patients, while the frequency of MDCs was unchanged. PDCs in NTZ-treated patients displayed a mature, activated phenotype with increased expression of HLA-DR, TLR9, CCR7, IL-6 and IL-12. In contrast, in vitro treatment with NTZ did not increase markers of PDC activation or their ability to induce T cell differentiation.Our study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood.CONCLUSIONOur study shows that NTZ treatment is associated with a reduced frequency of PDCs in the peripheral circulation, but that PDCs in NTZ-treated individuals display an activated phenotype. Taken together the data suggests that transmigration of activated PDCs is preferentially affected by blockade of integrin α4 leading to an increased frequency of activated PDCs in blood. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kivisäkk, Pia Gandhi, Roopali Khoury, Samia J. Francois, Katiana Mbianda, Julvet Weiner, Howard L. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 2 Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, United States of America 3 Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon – name: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, United States of America – name: 2 Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America – name: 1 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pia surname: Kivisäkk fullname: Kivisäkk, Pia – sequence: 2 givenname: Katiana surname: Francois fullname: Francois, Katiana – sequence: 3 givenname: Julvet surname: Mbianda fullname: Mbianda, Julvet – sequence: 4 givenname: Roopali surname: Gandhi fullname: Gandhi, Roopali – sequence: 5 givenname: Howard L. surname: Weiner fullname: Weiner, Howard L. – sequence: 6 givenname: Samia J. surname: Khoury fullname: Khoury, Samia J. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25075741$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science 2014 Kivisäkk et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2014 Kivisäkk et al 2014 Kivisäkk et al |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 Conceived and designed the experiments: PK KF JM RG HLW SJK. Performed the experiments: PK KF JM. Analyzed the data: PK KF JM. Wrote the paper: PK KF JM RG HLW SJK. Competing Interests: This study was supported by an investigator initiated research grant from Biogen Idec. Dr Kivisakk has received research support from EMD Serono. Dr Gandhi has received research support from EMD Serono, Novartis and Biogen. Dr Weiner has served as a consultant for Teva Neurosciences, Novartis, Biogen and EMD Serono, and has received grant support from EMD Sergono. Dr Khoury has served as a consultant for Epivax and Novartis. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptive immunity Adult Aged Analysis Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - pharmacology Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use B cells Biological response modifiers Biology and Life Sciences Blood Care and treatment CCR7 protein CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - physiology Cell activation Cell differentiation Cell Differentiation - drug effects Cells, Cultured CpG islands Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines Dendritic cells Dendritic Cells - drug effects Dendritic Cells - physiology Differentiation (biology) Female Gene Expression Genotype & phenotype Histocompatibility antigen HLA Homology Hospitals Humans Immunity Immunologic Factors - pharmacology Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use Immunotherapy Integrins Interferon Interleukin 12 Interleukin 6 Lymphatic system Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Male Medical research Medical schools Middle Aged Monoclonal antibodies Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - blood Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy Multiple Sclerosis - immunology Natalizumab Observational studies Oligonucleotides Patients Peripheral blood Peripheral circulation Phenotypes Research and Analysis Methods Rodents Studies T cell receptors T cells TLR9 protein Toll-like receptors Young Adult |
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| Title | Effect of Natalizumab Treatment on Circulating Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis |
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