Cord blood T cell subpopulations and associations with maternal cadmium and arsenic exposures

Arsenic and cadmium are environmental pollutants, and although the evidence for adverse immune effects after prenatal arsenic and cadmium exposures is increasing, little is known about the underlying immunological mechanisms. We investigated the relationship between prenatal arsenic and cadmium expo...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 6; s. e0179606
Hlavní autoři:	Nygaard, Unni C., Li, Zhigang, Palys, Thomas, Jackson, Brian, Subbiah, Melanie, Malipatlolla, Meena, Sampath, Vanitha, Maecker, Holden, Karagas, Margaret R., Nadeau, Kari C.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 29.06.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Adult Analysis Arsenic Arsenic - analysis Arsenic - toxicity Asthma Biology and Life Sciences Blood Cadmium Cadmium - analysis Cadmium - toxicity Childbirth & labor Children Cohort analysis Computer memory Cord blood Critical care Cytokines Departments Disease prevention DNA methylation Environmental Exposure Environmental health Exposure Female Females Fetal Blood - cytology Hazardous materials Hazardous substances Helper cells Hospitals Humans Immune system Immunology Immunophenotyping Immunoregulation Immunosuppression Infections Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Males Markers Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Memory cells Nails - chemistry Oxidative stress Pediatrics Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Pollutants Populations Pregnancy Prenatal experience Regression analysis Research and Analysis Methods Rheumatology Rope Studies Subpopulations T cells T-Lymphocyte Subsets - drug effects T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Toenail Toxicology Water pollution effects Young Adult United States Lebanon California United States > US New Hampshire
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Arsenic and cadmium are environmental pollutants, and although the evidence for adverse immune effects after prenatal arsenic and cadmium exposures is increasing, little is known about the underlying immunological mechanisms. We investigated the relationship between prenatal arsenic and cadmium exposures and a variety of T cell subpopulations measured in cord blood for 63 participants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Post-partum toenail concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were used as an estimate of maternal exposure during pregnancy. The characteristics of cord blood proportions of T lymphocytes and subpopulations (expression of markers for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th1Th17, induced and natural regulatory T cells and NKTs) are presented. In regression analyses, maternal arsenic exposure levels were inversely associated with cord blood T helper memory cells (-21%, 95% CI: -36%, -3%) and the association was found to be stronger in females. They were also inversely associated with activated T helper memory cells, particularly in males (-26%, 95% CI: -43%, -3%). Similarly, inverse associations were observed between cadmium exposure levels and activated T helper memory cells (-16%, 95% CI: -30%, -1%) and also for T helper memory cells in females (-20%, 95% CI: -35%, -3%). The results suggest that prenatal exposures to relatively low levels of arsenic and cadmium may contribute to altered distribution of T cell populations at birth. These changes in theory, could have contributed to the previously reported immunosuppressive effects observed later in infancy/childhood.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0179606