The Lung Microbiome of Ugandan HIV-Infected Pneumonia Patients Is Compositionally and Functionally Distinct from That of San Franciscan Patients

Sub-Saharan Africa represents 69% of the total number of individuals living with HIV infection worldwide and 72% of AIDS deaths globally. Pulmonary infection is a common and frequently fatal complication, though little is known regarding the lower airway microbiome composition of this population. Ou...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 9; číslo 4; s. e95726
Hlavní autori:	Iwai, Shoko, Huang, Delphine, Fong, Serena, Jarlsberg, Leah G., Worodria, William, Yoo, Samuel, Cattamanchi, Adithya, Davis, J. Lucian, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Segal, Mark, Huang, Laurence, Lynch, Susan V.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 01.04.2014 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over AIDS AIDS (Disease) Alveoli Bacteria Bacterial pneumonia Biology and Life Sciences Bronchus Care and treatment Clostridium Coding Control Critical care Demographic variables Demographics Developed countries Diagnosis Drug therapy Epidemiology Ethics Female Gastroenterology Health aspects Health care HIV HIV Infections - microbiology HIV patients Hospitals Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunology Infections Lung - microbiology Lungs Male Matrix metalloproteinase Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metalloproteinase Microbiota Microbiota - genetics Microbiota - physiology Middle Aged Patients Pneumonia Pneumonia - microbiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - pathogenicity Research and Analysis Methods Respiratory tract Ribonucleic acid RNA rRNA 16S San Francisco Social Sciences Sulfur Sulfur-reducing bacteria Tumor necrosis factor-α Uganda Young Adult San Francisco Uganda California San Francisco California United States > US Kampala Uganda
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Sub-Saharan Africa represents 69% of the total number of individuals living with HIV infection worldwide and 72% of AIDS deaths globally. Pulmonary infection is a common and frequently fatal complication, though little is known regarding the lower airway microbiome composition of this population. Our objectives were to characterize the lower airway microbiome of Ugandan HIV-infected patients with pneumonia, to determine relationships with demographic, clinical, immunological, and microbiological variables and to compare the composition and predicted metagenome of these communities to a comparable cohort of patients in the US (San Francisco). Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from a cohort of 60 Ugandan HIV-infected patients with acute pneumonia were collected. Amplified 16S ribosomal RNA was profiled and aforementioned relationships examined. Ugandan airway microbiome composition and predicted metagenomic function were compared to US HIV-infected pneumonia patients. Among the most common bacterial pulmonary pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most prevalent in the Ugandan cohort. Patients with a richer and more diverse airway microbiome exhibited lower bacterial burden, enrichment of members of the Lachnospiraceae and sulfur-reducing bacteria and reduced expression of TNF-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Compared to San Franciscan patients, Ugandan airway microbiome was significantly richer, and compositionally distinct with predicted metagenomes that encoded a multitude of distinct pathogenic pathways e.g secretion systems. Ugandan pneumonia-associated airway microbiome is compositionally and functionally distinct from those detected in comparable patients in developed countries, a feature which may contribute to adverse outcomes in this population.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: SVL has issued patents Sinusitis diagnostics and treatments (WO 2013155370 A1), Methods and systems for Phylogenetic analysis (US 20120264637), Nitroreductase enzymes (US 7,687,474), Combination antibiotic and antibody therapy for the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (WO 2010091189 A1). SVL has also acted as a consultant for Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. These patents and professional commitments do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors have declared that no additional competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: SI LH SVL. Performed the experiments: SI DH. Analyzed the data: SI LGJ MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DH SF WW SY AC JLD SK LH. Wrote the paper: SI LH SVL.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0095726