Small Thaw Ponds: An Unaccounted Source of Methane in the Canadian High Arctic

Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and inve...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 8; číslo 11; s. e78204
Hlavní autori:	Negandhi, Karita, Laurion, Isabelle, Whiticar, Michael J., Galand, Pierre E., Xu, Xiaomei, Lovejoy, Connie
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 13.11.2013 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Archaea Arctic Regions Canada Carbon 14 Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon sources Communities Ecosystems Gene sequencing Genes, Archaeal Global Warming Isotope ratios Methane Methane - analysis Methane production Methanobacterium - genetics Methanogenesis Methanogenic archaea Molecular Typing Next-generation sequencing Nitrates Peat Permafrost Phylogeny Polar environments Ponds RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Sediments Signatures Slumping Stable isotopes Studies Thawing Tundra Tundra ecology Tundras Water Microbiology Canada Arctic Regions California France United States > US Arctic region Quebec Canada
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate.
AbstractList	Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, 14 C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate. Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, 14C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate. Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, .sup.14 C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate. Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate.Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate. Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate.
Audience	Academic
Author	Whiticar, Michael J. Xu, Xiaomei Laurion, Isabelle Lovejoy, Connie Galand, Pierre E. Negandhi, Karita
AuthorAffiliation	1 Centre for Northern Studies (CEN) and Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, Canada 5 Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America 4 CNRS, UMR 8222, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France 3 UPMC Université Paris 06, (UMR 8222, LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France 6 Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, and Takuvik (CNRS, UMI 3376), Quebec, Canada Dowling College, United States of America 2 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24236014$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science 2013 Negandhi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2013 Negandhi et al 2013 Negandhi et al
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: KN IL CL. Performed the experiments: KN IL. Analyzed the data: KN IL XX MJW PEG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IL CL XX MJW. Wrote the paper: KN IL CL PEG XX MJW.
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Snippet	Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied...
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SubjectTerms	Archaea Arctic Regions Canada Carbon 14 Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon sources Communities Ecosystems Gene sequencing Genes, Archaeal Global Warming Isotope ratios Methane Methane - analysis Methane production Methanobacterium - genetics Methanogenesis Methanogenic archaea Molecular Typing Next-generation sequencing Nitrates Peat Permafrost Phylogeny Polar environments Ponds RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Sediments Signatures Slumping Stable isotopes Studies Thawing Tundra Tundra ecology Tundras Water Microbiology
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Title	Small Thaw Ponds: An Unaccounted Source of Methane in the Canadian High Arctic
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