A Propaganda Index for Reviewing Problem Framing in Articles and Manuscripts: An Exploratory Study
To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one Jg. 6; H. 5; S. e19516 |
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25.05.2011
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| Abstract | To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.
A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda.
Convenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal.
Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected.
This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Objective
To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.
Design
A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda.
Data source
Convenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal.
Results
Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected.
Conclusion
This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda. Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected. This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. Objective To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. Design A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda. Data source Convenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal. Results Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected. Conclusion This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.OBJECTIVETo determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda.DESIGNA propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda.Convenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal.DATA SOURCEConvenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal.Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected.RESULTSData showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected.This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA.CONCLUSIONThis propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda. Convenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal. Data showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected. This propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.DesignA propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning social anxiety and to identify indicators of propaganda (defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible). They then re-read the same five articles using a propaganda index to note instances of propaganda.Data sourceConvenience sample of individuals who review manuscripts for possible publication and sample of recent published reports of randomized controlled trials regarding social anxiety in five different journals by different authors, blinded by author and journal.ResultsData showed that there was a high rate of propagandistic problem framing in reports of RCTs regarding social anxiety such as hiding well argued alternative views and vagueness. This occurred in 117 out of 160 opportunities over five research reports. A convenience sample of 17 academics spotted only 4.5 percent of propaganda indicators. This increased to 64 percent with use of the 32 item propaganda index. Use of a propaganda index increased recognition of related indicators. However many instances remained undetected.ConclusionThis propaganda index warrants further exploration as a complement to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gambrill, Eileen Reiman, Amanda |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America 2 Berkeley Patients Group, Berkeley, California, United States of America University of Oxford, United Kingdom |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21647426$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1177_1049731512443714 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10660_024_09849_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s13178_022_00690_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2020_112818 crossref_primary_10_1177_1049731514544327 crossref_primary_10_1177_1049731514533731 crossref_primary_10_1177_17456916241236171 crossref_primary_10_1177_1049731513499411 crossref_primary_10_1891_1559_4343_13_2_149 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1177/1049731509347879 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030170 10.1001/jama.298.20.2420 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000251 10.1136/bmj.324.7342.886 10.1093/oso/9780195313048.001.0001 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science Copyright Public Library of Science May 2011 Gambrill, Reiman. 2011 |
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| Snippet | To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.
A propaganda index consisting... Objective To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. Design A propaganda... To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. A propaganda index consisting... To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.OBJECTIVETo determine the... ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts.DesignA propaganda... Objective To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. Design A propaganda... |
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| SubjectTerms | Abstracting and Indexing - methods Academic staff Acknowledgment Anxiety Behavior modification Biomedical Research - standards Clinical psychology Clinical trials Cognition & reasoning Cognitive therapy Drug dosages Fear & phobias Frame analysis Group therapy Humans Indexes Indicators Literature reviews Medical research Medicine Peer review Peer Review, Research - methods Peer Review, Research - standards Propaganda Psychopharmacology Randomization Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Recognition Science Policy Self help Shyness Social and Behavioral Sciences Social anxiety Social Behavior Stock warrants |
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| Title | A Propaganda Index for Reviewing Problem Framing in Articles and Manuscripts: An Exploratory Study |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21647426 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1299311514 https://www.proquest.com/docview/871002233 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3102054 https://doaj.org/article/290484cc149b46ecbd1eba386191784a http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019516 |
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