Detoxification of sulphidic African shelf waters by blooming chemolithotrophs
Algae that bloom unnoticed Data obtained by RV Alexander von Humboldt in waters off the Namibian coast reveal that an area of about 7,000 km 2 of African coastal shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by the action of bacteria: the biologically harmful sulphide was oxidized to non-toxic c...
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| Vydáno v: | Nature Ročník 457; číslo 7229; s. 581 - 584 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
29.01.2009
Nature Publishing Group |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687, 1476-4679 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Algae that bloom unnoticed
Data obtained by RV
Alexander von Humboldt
in waters off the Namibian coast reveal that an area of about 7,000 km
2
of African coastal shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by the action of bacteria: the biologically harmful sulphide was oxidized to non-toxic colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Eutrophication of coastal waters, often due to human activity, can lead algal blooms causing severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide with disastrous consequences for the ecosystem. The discovery that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in subsurface waters, and can thus be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters, suggests that sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than was thought, so could have an important but previously neglected effect on benthic communities.
Eutrophication of coastal waters can cause sulphide blooms, which are toxic to marine life. It is shown that these blooms can be rapidly detoxified by sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. This finding suggests that sulphide blooms may occur more frequently than previously appreciated and that the responsible bacterial groups are important to protect coastal ecosystems.
Coastal waters support ∼90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet
1
. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide—toxic to multi-cellular life—with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
. Here we show that an area of ∼7,000 km
2
of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence
in situ
hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of γ- and ε-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for ∼20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Coastal waters support approximately 90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of approximately 7,000 km(2) of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of gamma- and epsilon-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for approximately 20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. Coastal waters support approx90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of approx7,000 km super(2) of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of gamma- and epsilon- proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for approx20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. Coastal waters support ~90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of ~7,000 km^sup 2^ of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of γ- and [straight epsilon]-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for ~20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Algae that bloom unnoticed Data obtained by RV Alexander von Humboldt in waters off the Namibian coast reveal that an area of about 7,000 km 2 of African coastal shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by the action of bacteria: the biologically harmful sulphide was oxidized to non-toxic colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Eutrophication of coastal waters, often due to human activity, can lead algal blooms causing severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide with disastrous consequences for the ecosystem. The discovery that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in subsurface waters, and can thus be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters, suggests that sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than was thought, so could have an important but previously neglected effect on benthic communities. Eutrophication of coastal waters can cause sulphide blooms, which are toxic to marine life. It is shown that these blooms can be rapidly detoxified by sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. This finding suggests that sulphide blooms may occur more frequently than previously appreciated and that the responsible bacterial groups are important to protect coastal ecosystems. Coastal waters support ∼90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet 1 . Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide—toxic to multi-cellular life—with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Here we show that an area of ∼7,000 km 2 of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of γ- and ε-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for ∼20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. Coastal waters support approximately 90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of approximately 7,000 km(2) of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of gamma- and epsilon-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for approximately 20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities.Coastal waters support approximately 90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to human activity, leads to severe oxygen depletion and the episodic occurrence of hydrogen sulphide-toxic to multi-cellular life-with disastrous consequences for coastal ecosytems. Here we show that an area of approximately 7,000 km(2) of African shelf, covered by sulphidic water, was detoxified by blooming bacteria that oxidized the biologically harmful sulphide to environmentally harmless colloidal sulphur and sulphate. Combined chemical analyses, stoichiometric modelling, isotopic incubations, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA, functional gene sequence analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that the detoxification proceeded by chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulphide with nitrate and was mainly catalysed by two discrete populations of gamma- and epsilon-proteobacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria, accounting for approximately 20 per cent of the bacterioplankton in sulphidic waters, created a buffer zone between the toxic sulphidic subsurface waters and the oxic surface waters, where fish and other nekton live. This is the first time that large-scale detoxification of sulphidic waters by chemolithotrophs has been observed in an open-ocean system. The data suggest that sulphide can be completely consumed by bacteria in the subsurface waters and, thus, can be overlooked by remote sensing or monitoring of shallow coastal waters. Consequently, sulphidic bottom waters on continental shelves may be more common than previously believed, and could therefore have an important but as yet neglected effect on benthic communities. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Stührmann, Torben Lass, Ulrich Lavik, Gaute Lam, Phyllis Mohrholz, Volker Kuypers, Marcel M. M. Brüchert, Volker Van der Plas, Anja Mußmann, Marc Fuchs, Bernhard M. Amann, Rudolf |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gaute surname: Lavik fullname: Lavik, Gaute organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Torben surname: Stührmann fullname: Stührmann, Torben organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Volker surname: Brüchert fullname: Brüchert, Volker organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany , Present address: Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Anja surname: Van der Plas fullname: Van der Plas, Anja organization: National Marine Information & Research Centre Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources, PO Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia – sequence: 5 givenname: Volker surname: Mohrholz fullname: Mohrholz, Volker organization: Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Phyllis surname: Lam fullname: Lam, Phyllis organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Marc surname: Mußmann fullname: Mußmann, Marc organization: Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Centre, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria – sequence: 8 givenname: Bernhard M. surname: Fuchs fullname: Fuchs, Bernhard M. organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Rudolf surname: Amann fullname: Amann, Rudolf organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Ulrich surname: Lass fullname: Lass, Ulrich organization: Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany – sequence: 11 givenname: Marcel M. M. surname: Kuypers fullname: Kuypers, Marcel M. M. email: mkuypers@mpi-bremen.de organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21030264$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19078958$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-15782$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Stockholms universitet) |
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| Snippet | Algae that bloom unnoticed
Data obtained by RV
Alexander von Humboldt
in waters off the Namibian coast reveal that an area of about 7,000 km
2
of African... Coastal waters support approximately 90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these... Coastal waters support ~90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to... Coastal waters support approx90 per cent of global fisheries and are therefore an important food reserve for our planet. Eutrophication of these waters, due to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Atmosfärs- och hydrosfärsvetenskap Atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences Bacteria Benthic communities Biodegradation, Environmental Biologi Biological and medical sciences Biology Chemistry Coastal waters Continental shelves Control Detoxification Earth sciences Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environmental aspects Environmental chemistry Environmental monitoring Eutrophication Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geovetenskap Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism Kemi letter Marin ekologi Marine bacteria Marine ecology Methods Microbiology mikrobiologi Miljökemi Molecular Sequence Data Mortality multidisciplinary Namibia NATURAL SCIENCES NATURVETENSKAP Oceanografi Oceanography Oceans Oceans and Seas Oxidation-Reduction Oxygen depletion Phylogeny Properties Proteobacteria Proteobacteria - genetics Proteobacteria - growth & development Proteobacteria - isolation & purification Proteobacteria - metabolism Remote sensing RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sea water ecosystems Seawater - chemistry Sulfates - metabolism Sulfur - metabolism Surface water Synecology Techniques Terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecology Terrestrisk, limnisk och marin ekologi Toxins Water bloom |
| Title | Detoxification of sulphidic African shelf waters by blooming chemolithotrophs |
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