The role of the immune microenvironment in bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapeutic opportunity

Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective healing post-injury. Although extensive strides have been made in the understanding of the immune microenvironme...

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Published in:Military medical research Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 1 - 528
Main Authors: Xiong, Yuan, Mi, Bo-Bin, Lin, Ze, Hu, Yi-Qiang, Yu, Le, Zha, Kang-Kang, Panayi, Adriana C., Yu, Tao, Chen, Lang, Liu, Zhen-Ping, Patel, Anish, Feng, Qian, Zhou, Shuan-Hu, Liu, Guo-Hui
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 19.11.2022
Springer Nature B.V
Harvard Stem Cell Institute,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA 02138,USA
Department of Physics,Center for Hybrid Nanostructure(CHyN),University of Hamburg,Hamburg 22761,Germany%Department of Physics,Center for Hybrid Nanostructure(CHyN),University of Hamburg,Hamburg 22761,Germany
Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China%Skeletal Biology Laboratory,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA 02120,USA%Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology,Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China%Skeletal Biology Laboratory,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA 02120,USA
Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System,National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics,South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics,South China
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration,Wuhan 430022,China%Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Ohio University,Athens,OH 45701,USA%Department of Orthopedics,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration,Wuhan 430022,China
Department of Orthopedics,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology,Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China%Department of Plastic Surgery,Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA 02152,USA%Department of Orthopaedics,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China%Department of Orthopedics,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China
BMC
Subjects:
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Bones
Cartilage
Cell-cell interaction
Cytokines
Emergency Medicine
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Immune microenvironment
Injuries
Kinases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Regeneration
Regenerative medicine
Review
Roles
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
Immune microenvironment
Regeneration
Cell-cell interaction
Tissue engineering
Biomaterials
ISSN:2054-9369, 2095-7467, 2054-9369
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Summary:Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective healing post-injury. Although extensive strides have been made in the understanding of the immune microenvironment processes governing bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration, effective clinical translation of these mechanisms remains a challenge. Regulation of the immune microenvironment is increasingly becoming a favorable target for bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration; therefore, an in-depth understanding of the communication between immune cells and functional tissue cells would be valuable. Herein, we review the regulatory role of the immune microenvironment in the promotion and maintenance of stem cell states in the context of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue repair and regeneration. We discuss the roles of various immune cell subsets in bone, cartilage, and soft tissue repair and regeneration processes and introduce novel strategies, for example, biomaterial-targeting of immune cell activity, aimed at regulating healing. Understanding the mechanisms of the crosstalk between the immune microenvironment and regeneration pathways may shed light on new therapeutic opportunities for enhancing bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration through regulation of the immune microenvironment.
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ISSN:2054-9369
2095-7467
2054-9369
DOI:10.1186/s40779-022-00426-8